number 7

vivid (a)

/ˈvɪvɪd/

e.g:

- vivid memories

- The colours are vivid, which helps bring the game to life.

- a wonderfully vivid imagination

- (of memories, a description, etc.) producing very clear pictures in your mind

= sống động, rõ nét

= graphic

- (of light, colours, etc.) very bright

= rực rỡ, tươi sáng

- (of somebody’s imagination) able to form pictures of ideas, situations, etc. easily in the mind

= phong phú, giàu hình ảnh

commence (v)

/kəˈmens/

e.g:

- commence something: She commenced her medical career in 1996.

- commence with something: The day commenced with a welcome from the principal.

- commence doing something : We commence building next week.

- commence to do something : Operators commenced to build pipelines in 1862.

- to begin to happen; to begin something

= start

scrutiny (n)

/ˈskruːtəni/

e.g :

- Foreign policy has come under close scrutiny recently.

- The documents should be available for public scrutiny.

- Her argument doesn't really stand up to scrutiny.

- careful and complete examination

= sự xem xét, kiểm tra kỹ lưỡng

= inspection

- come under … : bị đưa vào diện xem xét, giám sát

- stand up to … : chịu được sự soi xét

inadvertently (adv)

/ˌɪnədˈvɜːtntli/

e.g :
- We had inadvertently left without paying the bill.

- by accident; without intending to

= vô tình, không cố ý

= unintentionally

legitimize (v)

/lɪˈdʒɪtəmaɪz/

e.g :

- legitimize something :

- The government fears that talking to terrorists might legitimize their violent actions.

- The movie has been criticized for apparently legitimizing violence.

- legitimize somebody

- to make something legal

= hợp pháp hóa

- to make something that is wrong or unfair seem acceptable

= làm cho trở nên chính đáng/ chấp nhận được

- to give a child whose parents are not married to each other the same rights as those whose parents are

predispose (v):

/ˌpriːdɪˈspəʊz/

e.g :
- predispose somebody to something : He believes that some people are predisposed to criminal behaviour.

- predispose somebody to do something : Her good mood predisposed her to enjoy the play.

- predispose somebody to something : Stress can predispose people to heart attacks.

- to influence somebody so that they are likely to think or behave in a particular way

= khiến ai đó có khuynh hướng, dễ …

= incline to = make prone to

incline (v)

/ɪnˈklaɪn/

e.g :

- incline to/towards something :

• I incline to the view that we should take no action at this stage.

• Young people incline towards individualistic behaviour.

- incline to do something : The government is more effective than we incline to think.

- incline somebody to/towards something : Lack of money inclines many young people towards crime.

- incline somebody to do something: His obvious sincerity inclined me to trust him.

- incline your head : He inclined his head in acknowledgement.

- incline (something) (to/towards something) : The land inclined gently towards the shore.

- [intransitive, transitive] to tend to think or behave in a particular way; to make somebody do this

= có xu hướng, thiên về

= tend to = be prone to = gravitate towards

- to bend your head forward, especially as a sign of agreement, welcome, etc.

= cúi đầu

- to lean or slope in a particular direction; to make something lean or slope

= nghiêng, dốc (vật/ địa hình)

derive from

/dɪˈraɪv/

e.g :

- derive from something | be derived from something : The word ‘politics’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city’.

- derive something from something :

• He derived great pleasure from painting.

• The new drug is derived from fish oil.

1, to come or develop from something

= bắt nguôn từ

2,

- (formal) to get something from something

- (specialist) to obtain a substance from something

= có được, thu được từ

= originate from = stem from = obtain from

abstain (v)

/əbˈsteɪn/

e.g :

- abstain (from something) :

• Ten people voted in favour, five against and two abstained.

• to abstain from alcohol/drugs

• The workers who abstained from work yesterday have been suspended.

- to choose not to use a vote, either in favour of or against something

= bỏ phiếu trắng, không bỏ phiếu

- to decide not to do or have something, especially something you like or enjoy, because it is bad for your health or considered morally wrong

= kiêng, tránh; kiềm chế không … (vì có hại)

= avoid = refrain from

- to stay away from something

= kiêng, không sử dụng …

register (v)

/ˈredʒɪstə(r)/

e.g :

- register for sth : About 700 people registered for the conference.

- register with sb/sth : to register with a doctor/dentist

- register as sth : They encouraged all eligible citizens to register as voters.

- register to do sth : More than 5 000 people registered to take part in the contest.

- register a birth/marriage/company

- register a protest

- register on a scale

- register surprise/disapproval

- it doesn’t register

• to record your/somebody’s/something’s name on an official list

= đăng ký, ghi danh

= sign up for = enroll in = apply for

• (formal) to make your opinion known officially or publicly

= chính thức …

• the instrument shows or records that amount

= ghi nhận

= record

pivotal (a)

/ˈpɪvətl/

e.g :

• a pivotal role in European affairs

• Accountancy, law and economics are pivotal to a successful career in any financial services area.

• ​of great importance because other things depend on it

= then chốt, mang tính quyết định

= crucial = vital = critical = instrumental

>< insignificant >< trivial >< minor >< unimportant

negligible (a)

/ˈneɡlɪdʒəbl/

e.g :

• The cost was negligible.

• a negligible effect/impact/amount

• of very little importance or size and not worth considering

= không đáng kể, rất nhỏ

= insignificant = minimal = marginal = inconsequential = trivial

>< considerable >< substantial >< major

momentous (a)

/məˈmentəs/

e.g :

• a momentous decision/event/occasion

• At the same time, momentous events were taking place in Russia.

• very important or serious, especially because there may be important result

= trọng đại, có tầm quan trọng rất lơn, mang ý nghĩa lịch sử

= historic = pivotal

peripheral (a)

/pəˈrɪfərəl/

e.g :

• peripheral information

• peripheral to something Fund-raising is peripheral to their main activities.

• the peripheral nervous system

• a peripheral device

• (formal) not as important as the main aim, part, etc. of something

= thứ yếu, không cốt lõi, không phải trọng tâm

= secondary = supplementary

>< central >< main >< core >< primary

• ​(specialist) connected with the outer edge of a particular area

= ngoại vi, bên ngoài

= marginal (ngoài lề)

• (of equipment) connected to a computer

resolve (v)

/rɪˈzɒlv/

• resolve an issue/ a dispute/ a conflict/ a crisis/ a problem

• resolve differences

• resolve itself

• resolve to do something He resolved not to tell her the truth.

• resolve (that)… She resolved that she would never see him again.

• resolve on doing something We had resolved on making an early start.

• it is resolved that… It was resolved that the matter be referred to a higher authority.

• [transitive] to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty

= giải quyết vấn đề

= settle = solve

• to make a definite decision to do something

= quyết tâm làm gì

= determine

• (of a committee, meeting, etc.) to reach a decision by means of a formal vote

= thông qua, quyết nghị (bằng biểu quyết)

evaporate (v)

/ɪˈvæpəreɪt/

e.g :

• Heat until all the water has evaporated.

• Her confidence had now completely evaporated.

• Their lead in the opinion polls evaporated overnight.

(lead = lợi thế)

• if a liquid evaporates or if something evaporates it, it changes into a gas, especially steam

= bay hơi, làm bay hơi

= vaporize

• ​[intransitive] to disappear, especially by gradually becoming less and less

= biến mất, tan biến (dần dần)

= disappear = vanish = fade

prodigious (a)

/prəˈdɪdʒəs/

e.g :

• a prodigious achievement/memory/talent

• USB sticks can store prodigious amounts of information.

• ​very large or powerful and causing surprise; impressive

= khổng lồ, to lớn, phi thường, xuất chúng

= colossal = enormous = immense = phenomenal (đáng kinh ngạc)

>< tiny >< ordinary >< modest

onus (n)

/ˈəʊnəs/

e.g :

• The onus is on employers to follow health and safety laws.

• The onus of proof lies with the prosecution.

• The report puts the onus of children’s early education firmly on the parents.

• the responsibility for something

= trách nhiệm, gánh nặng trách nhiệm

= responsibility = obligation = duty = burden

>< exemption >< privilege >< freedom

hostile (a)

/ˈhɒstaɪl/

• be hostile to/towards sb/sth : She was openly hostile towards her parents.

• hostile to something Many of the employees were hostile to the idea of change.

• hostile conditions for plants to grow in

• hostile territory

• a hostile takeover bid ( thâu tóm)

1, aggressive or unfriendly and ready to argue or fight

= thù địch, thù hẳn, không thân thiện,

= opposed = unfriendly = aggressive = antagonistic

2, strongly rejecting something

= chống đối quyết liệt

= opposed

>< supportive >< favorable >< cooperative

3, making it difficult for something to happen or to be achieved

= khắc nghiệt, khó khăn

= harsh = difficult = adverse

4, belonging to a military enemy

= thuộc về phe đối địch = thù địch

scrape (v)

/skreɪp/

e.g :

dispose of = get rid of = eliminate

reverse

đảo ngược, quay trở lại trạng thái ban đầu

malicious

đọc ác, ác ý, cố tình làm tổn thương

scramble to

vội vã làm gì, gấp rút để hoàn thành, chạy đôn chạy đáo để làm gì