Titrations

buffer:

solution that resists changes in pH when you add small amounts of weak acid/base

• Acidic buffer: weak acid + conjugate base

• Basic buffer: weak base + conjugate acid

Examples

Acidic buffer → CH₃NOOH + CH₃COONa

Basic buffer → NH₃ + NH₄C

They weak acid/base and conjugate acid/base don’t have to be on the same side, they just have to both be present in the equilibrium 

buffers always involve an equilibrium

general buffer equation

Acidic buffer: pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]

Basic buffer: pH= pKb + log [HB+]/[B]

When do neutralizations produce a buffer?

Neutralization reaction:

acid + base → salt + water

When they are between a strong acid and a weak base or a weak base and a strong acid

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