use of 'cum' + others - subordinate clauses

causal cum clauses meaning

since or because

formation of causal cum clauses

cum + any subjunctive = since/because

ex: cum fortis sit, bene pugnat -> Since he is brave, he fights well (pugnat = present subjunctive)

concessive cum clauses meaning

since, because, although

concessive cum clause meaning although formation

tamen + cum (in the main clause)

ex:  Although I shall be sorry tomorrow, nevertheless I shall do this today -> cum cras paeniteat, tamen hodie hoc faciam

concessive cum clause meaning since/although formation

cum + subjunctive (present/perfect subjunctive)

Ex: I shall do this today although I’ll be sorry tomorrow -> hoc hodie faciam cum cras paeniteat

temporal cum clause meaning

when

temporal cum clause formation in a historic sequence

cum + subjunctive (present/perfect subjunctive)

Ex in historic: cum in urbe essem, multa emi -> When I was in the city I bought many things

temporal cum clause formation for primary

cum + indicative verb

Ex in indicative: cum in urbe sum, multa emo -> When I am in the city I buy many things

temporal cum clause formation when action happens same time as main clause

cum + future indicative

Ex of same time: cum in urbe ero, multa emam -> when i am in the city I shall buy many tings

temporal cum clause formation when action happens before the main clause

cum + future perfect indicative

Ex of event happening before: cum ad urbem ivero, multa emam -> when i go to the city i shall buy many things

distinguishing types of cum clauses

indicative verb → cum = when
present/perfect subjunctive → cum = since/although
imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive → all translations possible