Development of Political Powers and Party Systems

Political Party

A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy.

Role of Political Parties in Elections

Recruit candidates, raise money, organize rallies, and 'Get Out the Vote' events.

'Get Out the Vote'

Events held to remind and help supporters vote on Election Day, sometimes even providing transportation.

Educating the Public

Parties bring attention to key issues, share positions through pamphlets, speeches, TV, online ads, and help simplify voting choices for the public.

Common Political Party Issues

Inflation, military spending, taxes, pollution, energy, and the environment.

Simplifying Elections

Many voters support candidates based on party affiliation to understand their stance on key issues.

Involvement Opportunities in Politics

People help with registering voters, donating, posting signs, serving as poll workers, or election judges.

Party as Government Operator

Political parties help staff and operate the executive and legislative branches, linking executives and legislatures.

Divided Government

Occurs when one party controls the White House and the other controls one or both houses of Congress.

Patronage

The practice of giving jobs, contracts, or government positions to loyal party supporters.

Role of Patronage

Ensures loyal supporters are in government to carry out the party's vision.

Policy Development

After elections, parties implement initiatives, pass laws, and create programs that reflect their goals and beliefs.

Government Watchdog

The party not in power critiques and monitors the ruling party, offering solutions and preparing for future elections.

Political Stability

Parties provide stability by accepting election outcomes peacefully and ensuring the system continues without violent change.

One-Party System

A system where only one political party is allowed; opposition is not tolerated (e.g., China, North Korea, Cuba).

De Facto One-Party System

Other parties may exist legally but cannot realistically win (e.g., Russia under United Russia Party).

Two-Party System

A system where two major political parties compete for power, though minor parties may exist (e.g., the United States).

Multi-Party System

A system with many political parties; coalitions are often needed to form a government.

Coalition Government

Formed when several parties work together to form a majority, often seen in multi-party systems.

Coalition Government Challenges

Disputes between parties with different ideologies can lead to breakdowns in the coalition.

Example of Coalition Conflict

In Iran, religious conservatives dominate, making it difficult for reformist parties to participate effectively.