HHD Unit 4 - Sac 2

sustainability

Why are SDGs important?

• take a global health focus by addressing the health needs of all people around the world such as through →

• go beyond the boundaries of individual countries and work together globally to achieve outcomes such as through →

• about improving health + achieving equity in health for all people worldwide such as →

what are the sdgs

17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of targets and plans to make the world a better place.

• Include 169 targets to be achieved by 2030.

• developed by the United Nations.

• were introduced in 2016. (MDGs were prior until 2015).

• the goals tackle global challenges and aim to meet the needs of all people in all countries, whether low-, middle- or high-income.

• SDGs are integrated, interdependent (mutually reliant) and indivisible on each other

• Achievement requires many stake holders (governments, organisations and the private sector) to work together at an international, national, regional and local level.

the sdgs we are studying

Goal 1: No Poverty

Goal 2: Zero Hunger

Goal 3: Good health and wellbeing

Goal 4: Quality education

Goal 5: Gender equality

Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation

Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production

SDG 3

Good Health and Wellbeing

• Reduce maternal mortality

• End preventable deaths of new borns

  and children under five

• End epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis,

  malaria and neglected tropical

  diseases (NTDs)

• Address hepatitis, waterborne

  diseases and other communicable

  diseases

• Reduce non-communicable diseases

  and promote mental health and

  wellbeing

• Reduce road traffic accidents

• Reduce deaths and illnesses from

  hazardous chemicals and air, water

  and soil pollution and contamination

• Reduce substance abuse, including

  drugs and alcohol

SDG 1

No Poverty

• ending extreme poverty, which is measured as people living on less than PPP$2.15 a day

• putting in place social protection systems

• ensuring equal rights and making sure everyone has access to essential resources

• building the resilience of those living in vulnerable situations and reducing exposure to environmental disasters that result in poverty

SDG 3 and 1

• SDG 1 → social protection systems → can afford income for healthcare → communicable diseases can be treated (malaria) → increase ability to end epidemic of malaria SDG 3

• SDG 1 → end extreme poverty → parents can afford to send children to school → more likely to be educated → safe sex practices (condoms) → reduce HIV infection rates → improving the capacity to end epidemic of AIDS SDG 3

  → food → adequate vitamins + minerals → improve immune function + reduce risk of contracting communicable diseases → end epidemic of tuberculosis

• ending epidemic of malaria (sdg 3) → can attend school → reduce poverty SDG 1

• reducing premature mortality from ncd (SDG 3) (cardiovascular disease and cancer) → can save government money in health-related costs + can mean more productively → tax revenue → social protection systems

SDG 2

Zero Hunger

• end hunger + ensure access for all people → to safe nutritious + sufficient food

• end all forms of malnutrition → for children under 5

• improve agricultural practices so everyone has equal access to land, sustainable practices in place

• increase investment in agriculture + infrastructure, research + technology

Hunger

the continuing lack of food needed for an active and healthy life.

Undernutrition

when people do not have enough food to meet their daily energy requirements.

→ continued undernutrition can lead to wasting (substantial weight loss) and stunting (failure to grow)

Malnutrition

when there is a lack of specific nutrients required for the body to function effectively

→ may have the required amount of food to sustain life, but they may not be consuming the required range of nutrients

→ micronutrients (including iron, Vitamin A, iodine and zinc)

→ Obesity is another form of malnutrition

Food Security

exists when all people can regularly obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food through local non-emergency sources.

SDG 2 and SDG 3

• improve agricultural practices (SDG 2) → improve access to land → increase crop production for farmers → extra food + income → ensure children adequately nourished → reduce undernurtition → reduce U5MR (SDG 3)

• ending hunger (SDG 2) → immune systems stronger fight off infectious diseases (malaria) → premature deaths of children U5MR

• investing in better infrastructure for agriculture (SDG 2) → efficient water for watering crops → farming practices → increase crop output → sold for an income → increase avg incomes → rebate → universal access to healthcare (SDG 3)

• reducing maternal mortality (SDG 3) → women are more likely to care for their children → being able to provide children nutritional diet → ending all form sof malnutrition (SDG 2) in children

• ending epidemics of communicable diseases such as malaria (SDG 3)

SDG 4

Quality Education

• ensure children complete free, equitable + quality primary and secondary education

• ensure all youth and adults have adequate literacy + numeracy skills

• increase no. of youth and adults who have relevant skills for employment

• eliminate all disparities in education and vocational training, including for people with disabilities, indigenous people, vulnerable children

• increase no. of qualified teachers

SDG 3 & SDG 4

• eliminating disparities in education and vocational training (SDG 4) people able to increase skills → employment + gain income → revenue for gov → healthcare → vaccinations to prevent infectious diseases → end epidemic of communicable diseases ( SDG 3)

• by increasing access to sexual + reproductive health services (SDG 3) → women have more control over family planning → reduce the number of children they have → assists in population growth → educating future generation more affordable for government to provide free, equitable + quality education (SDG 4)

• reducing maternal mortality rates (SDG 3) mothers generally in better health + can help take care of family → youth can participate in education → increase literacy + numeracy skills (SDG 4)

SDG 5

Gender Equality relates to both males and females having the same access to resources and the same opportunities such as education and employment

• end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls

• end all forms of violence against women and girls, including human trafficking and sexual exploitation

• eliminate harmful practices such as child, early and forced marriage

• ensure women’s participation in decision-making in political, economic and public life and that they are given leadership opportunities

• ensure women have equal rights to economic resources…

SDG 3 & SDG 5

• end to all forms of discrimination against women and girls → equal access to resources → education → health literacy skills → health promoting behaviours → wearing a condom to prevent HIV → ending the epidemic of AIDS (SDG3)

• access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services → antenatal care during pregnancy → safer birthing environment → reduce complications during birth → end preventable deaths of newborns (SDG3)

• reducing maternal mortality (SDG 3) → more opportunities for women to participate in decision-making in political life (SDG 5)

SDG 6

Clean water and sanitation

• ensure everyone has access to safe and affordable drinking water, sanitation and hygiene

• improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimising the release of hazardous chemicals and materials

SDG 3 & SDG 6

• everyone has access to safe and affordable sanitation → reduces open defecation occurring into water ways → reducing disease causing pathogens (hepatitis) → can make water unsafe for consumption → end the epidemic of hepatitis

• access safe and affordable drinking water (SDG 6) fewer people sicker → allows to work → earn income → contribute productively to economy → tax revenue → government put money back into country → universal health coverage (SDG 3)

• epidemic of communicable disease such as AIDS → not spend so much time unwell → able to work → able to employ more people → garbage disposal + waste management → participation of local communities in sanitation management (SDG6)

SDG 12

Responsible production and consumption

• reduce food waste

• ensure the responsible management of chemicals and waste

• reduce waste + increase recycling

• encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices + sustainable reporting

SDG 3 & SDG 12

• reduce food waste (SDG 12) ensure not overconsuming plants + animals → they can stay available human consumption → reduce hunger + malnutrition → end to deaths of newborns + children U5 (SDG 3)

• reducing our reliance on fossil fuels (SDG 12) → reduce carbon emissions + air pollution → reduce respiratory diseases such as COPD → reduction in premature mortality from NCDS (SDG 3)

• epidemic of communicable diseases such as AIDS will end → spend so much time unwell → able to work + earn an income → tax revenue → put back into the country → renewable energy solar panels → make efficient use of natural resources (SDG 12)

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome → caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) → body loses the ability to fight infections and the person eventually develops AIDS → people can then develop infections, cancers other diseases→ leads to death

• no cure and no vaccine → ART can help delay

Tuberculosis

a disease that affects the lungs → highly contagious and is caused by bacteria that can spread from person to person via the air through coughing + sneezing

• can be prevented through vaccination

Neglected Tropical Disease

referred to as neglected because they have received very little funding from governments and other organisations for research, prevention and control

→ diseases are more prevalent in tropical regions + can be infectious

→ include yellow fever, dengue & rabies

Malaria

is caused by parasites that are transmitted to people when bitten by infected mosquitoes

• use anti-malaria insecticide treated bed nets

• spraying of insecticide

Hepatitis

disease characterised by inflammation of the liver

• provide universal health coverage

implement the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries

global treaty designed to reduce tobacco use and protect people from tobacco smoke

• banning tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship

• using large health warnings + graphic images

• raising taxes on tobacco products

• running public education campaigns