Stimulants

Flashcards of key vocab terms from the lecture notes

Stimulants

Substances that keep a person going mentally and physically.

Coca

A bush that grows in the Andes and produces cocaine.

Angelo Mariani

Used coca leaf extract in many products including lozenges, tea, and, especially, wine.

Sigmund Freud

Studied use of cocaine as a treatment for depression and morphine dependence.

Crack Cocaine

Smokeable cocaine in the form of crack makes a cracking sound when burned/smoked.

Cocaine hydrochloride

Most common form of pure cocaine. Stable water-soluble salt.

Freebase

Prepared as a chemical base. Can be heated and the vapors inhaled.

Crack or rock

Lumps of dried, smokeable cocaine. Prepared by mixing cocaine with water and baking soda.

Mechanism of Action of Cocaine

Cocaine blocks reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

Cocaine Elimination

Cocaine is metabolized by enzymes in the blood and liver.

Risks of regularly snorting cocaine

Damage to the nasal septum and Paranoid psychosis.

Cocaine use during pregnancy

Increased risk of miscarriage and torn placenta.

Ephedrine

Active ingredient in ma huang (Ephedra).

Sympathomimetic drug

Stimulates the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Amphetamine

New synthesized chemical similar to ephedrine, was patented in 1932.

Speedball

Amphetamine + heroin injected together.

Ice or crystal meth

Methamphetamine hydrochloride crystals.

Amphetamine Pharmacology

Chemical structure of amphetamine is similar to the catecholamine neurotransmitters.

Narcolepsy

Stimulants used to keep patients awake during the day.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Problems with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Acute behavioral toxicity

Increases in feelings of power, suspicion, paranoia.

Paranoid psychosis

Heavy methamphetamine users have schizoid personalities and Caused by sleep deprivation.

Summary of Stimulants

Stimulants temporarily elevate the mood and can reverse effects of fatigue and keep one awake.

Coca

Bush that grows in the Andes

Coca Leaves

Greater strength and endurance

Coca Leaf

important part of Inca culture

Coca Leaf Use

Religious ceremonies and as currency

Angelo Mariani

Coca leaf extract in many products including lozenges, tea, and wine

Karl Koller

Ophthalmology and Dentistry

Sigmund Freud

Treatment for depression and morphine dependence

Food and Drug Act and the Controlled Drugs and Substances act

classified drugs into eight schedules

Canada

Cocaine is classified into Schedule I.

Unlawful possession

Fines up to $1000 or imprisonment for up to six months or both for a first offence.

mid- to late-1980s

Smokeable cocaine in the form of crack

Smoked cocaine

Greater abuse potential than snorted cocaine

cocaine destined for Canada has increased.

Mexico's role as a transit country

major ports of entry

Located in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec.

Increasing trend

Smuggling of cocaine in liquid form

The most frequent point of seizure

Toronto's Pearson International Airport.

Coca paste

Crude extract created during the manufacture of cocaine

Crack or rock

Mixing cocaine with water and baking soda.

Cocaine

Blocks reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.

Chewing or sucking coca leaves

Slow absorption and onset of effects

Cocaine

Half-life of about one hour

Cocaine remains in use

Surgery in the nasal, laryngeal, and esophageal regions.

ma huang (Ephedra).

Active ingredient = ephedrine

sympathomimetic drug

Ephedrine

Amphetamine

asthma, narcolepsy, Hyperactivity in children

Amphetamines are prescribed for

weight reduction, narcolepsy and ADHD

Stimulants

improve performance