topic 1 - introduction to health sciences and terminology

the goals for this topic are

❖Define anatomy and describe the levels at which anatomy can be studied

❖Define physiology and describe the levels at which physiology can be studied

❖List and define the characteristics of life

❖Define and identify the major levels of organisation in organisms, from the simplest to the most complex

❖Identify major components of each organ system

what are the characteristics of life

Organisation

metabolism

responsiveness

growth

development

reproduction

organisation

the specific interrelationships between parts of the organism and how they interact to perform specific functionsw

metabolism

all the chemical processes occurring within the human body

responsiveness

the organism’s ability to sense changes in internal or external environments and adjust.w

growth

refers to the increase in size or number of cells, which enlarges the organism overall.

development

the changes an organism goes through, beginning with fertilisation until death

reproduction

the formation of new cells or organisms.

what is anatomy

the study of internal and and external body structures and their physical relationship to each other

what is physiology

the study of how living organisms perform their functions

Categories of anatomy: what can macroscopic be categorised into?

• surface

• regional

• systemic

surface

the study of general anatomical form, and how superficial (surface) markings relate to deeper anatomical structures

regional

the study of superficial and internal features in specific areas of the body such as head or neck. emphasises relationship between structures.

systemic

study of the anatomical features in the 11 organ systems. Organ systems are are a group of organs that function together for a coordinated effect.

Categories of anatomy: what can microscopic be categorised into?

• cytology

• histology

cytology

study of internal structure of cells

histology

the study of tissuesw

what are the categories of physiology

• cell physiology

• organ

• systemic physiology

• pathological physiology

cell

study of functions of cells

organ

study of the function of specific organs

systemic

study of functions of organ systems

pathological

study of the effects of diseases on organ or organ system functions

what are the levels of organisation in the human body

chemical

cell

tissue

organ

organ system

organism

what are the organ systems of the body

skeletal system