4.1.1-revision-guides-basic-concepts-and-hydrocarbons

What is a Hydrocarbon?

A compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only.

What is a Molecular Formula?

The formula which shows the actual number of each type of atom.

What does Saturated mean in organic chemistry?

Contains single carbon-carbon bonds only.

What does Unsaturated mean in organic chemistry?

Contains a C=C double bond.

What is a General Formula in organic chemistry?

An algebraic formula for a homologous series, e.g., CnH2n.

What is the Empirical Formula?

Shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound.

What is a Displayed Formula?

Shows all the covalent bonds present in a molecule.

What is a Skeletal Formula?

Shows the simplified organic formula by removing hydrogen atoms, leaving just a carbon skeleton.

What does Aliphatic mean?

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains, or non-aromatic rings.

What are Homologous Series?

Families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula that show a gradual change in physical properties.

What is a Functional Group?

An atom or group of atoms that, when present in different molecules, causes them to have similar chemical properties.

What is the order of precedence for functional groups?

Carboxylic acids > aldehydes > ketones > alcohols > alkenes > halogenoalkanes.

What is the rule for naming carbon chains?

Count the longest carbon chain and name appropriately; find any branched chains and account for their carbons.

What suffix is used for Alkenes?

-ene.

What indicates the position of a double bond in Alkenes?

The lower number of the two carbons involved in the double bond.

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

CnH2n+2.

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

CnH2n.

What is the bond angle in alkanes?

Approximately 109.5 degrees due to tetrahedral geometry.

What is the bond angle in alkenes?

Approximately 120 degrees due to trigonal planar geometry.

What are alkanes?

Saturated hydrocarbons containing only single carbon-carbon bonds.

What are alkenes?

Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

What type of molecular structure do alkanes exhibit?

They exhibit a tetrahedral structure around each carbon.

What type of molecular structure do alkenes exhibit?

They exhibit a planar structure around the double bond, restricting rotation.

How does the presence of a double bond in alkenes affect bond angles?

The presence of a double bond creates a planar structure, resulting in smaller bond angles compared to alkanes.