orchestra final exam
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37 Terms
a tempo
return to original tempo
accent
emphasize the note
alle breve
cut time/ 2/2 time signature, (2 beats per measure and half note gets the beat)
allegretto
lively tempo, faster than andante but slower than allegro
andantino
a tempo that’s slightly faster than andante
cantabile
in singing style
cantata
a short musical composition for singers and instrumental accompaniment
composition
the art of writing original music
concerto
the composition in several movements for solo instrument and orchestra
crescendo
get gradually louder
cut time
¢ after cleff, means 2/2 time signature
decrescendo
gradually decrease volume
dotted quarter note
1 & 2 & or 1 the dot &
double stop
playing two notes at once
dynamics
level of sound (pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff)
e
the Italian word for “and”
eighth rest
½ beat of silence
fermata
hold the note for longer than usual
harmonic
tones created by a vibrating string divided into equal sections
interval
the distance between two notes
intonation
how well each note is played in tune
legato
long, paint brush strokes (smooth & connected)
lento
very slow tempo
meter change
time signature change
minor scale
a seven-note musical sequence characterized by a distinct, melancholic or somber sound
round
a musical form where performers play or sing the same melody, entering at different times
6/8
6 notes per measure, eighth note gets the beat
sixteenth notes
¼ of a beat
syncopation
occurs when an accent or emphasis is given to a note that is not on a strong beat
hooked bowing
a string instrument technique where two or more notes are played in the same bow direction, but with a slight staccatto between each note
major scale
a series of 8 notes that follow a definite pattern of half steps and whole steps
allegro
fast tempo
andante
slower, walking tempo
half step
smallest distance between 2 notes
whole step
2 half steps combined
tie
combining 2 notes of the same pitch (played as a single note for the combined counts)
tone production
bow between bridge and fingerboard, bow straight, proper weight