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Among these types of microorganisms, the ______ are noncellular.
a. viruses
b. helminths
c. protozoans
d. bacteira
a. viruses
Studies of the immune response to an infection caused by microorganisms would be performed by a-an:
a. bacteriologist
b. epidemiologist
c. immunologist
d. geomicrobiologist
c. immunologist
The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called
a. decomposers
b. prokaryotes
c. pathogens
d. eukaryotes
e. fermenters
a. decomposers
The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria all derived from
a. a common ancestral cell
b. photosynthetic bacteria
c. archaea
d. cells with a true nucleus
a. a common ancestral cell
Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time?
a. morphology
b. phylogeny
c. evolution
d. genetics
e. taxonomy
c. evolution
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called
a. bioremediation
b. genetic engineering
c. epidemiology
d. immunology
e. taxonomy
b. genetic engineering
Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of
a. biotechnology
b. bioremediation
c. decomposition
d. immunology
e. epidemiology
b. bioremediation
Which of the follwing is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
a. cause human disease
b. lack a nucleus
c. cannot be seen without a microscope
d. contain genetic material
e. lack cell structure
e. lack cell structure
Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
a. viruses
b. bacteria
c. parasites
d. fungi
e. yeasts
a. viruses
Eukaryotic cells are larger than bacteria or archaeal cells; all cells are larger than macromolecules. Where do viruses fit on this scale?
a. viruses are larger than eukaryotic cells
b. viruses are smaller than eukaryotic cells, but larger than bacterial or archaeal cells
c. viruses are smaller than bacterial or archaeal cells, but larger than macromolecules
d. viruses are smaller than macromolecules
c. viruses are smaller than bacterial or archaeal cells, but larger than macromolecules
Koch’s postulates are criteria used to establish that
a. microbes are found on dust particles
b. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
c. life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms
d. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
b. a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease
Which of the following is NOT a recent discovery that has had a huge impact on the understanding of microbiology?
a. restriction enzymes
b. PCR technique
c. Human microbiome project
d. All are significant discoveries
d. All are significant discoveries
Which of the following is NOT a process in the scientific method?
a. belief in a preconceived idea
b. formulation of a hypothesis
c. systematic observation
d. laboratory experimentation'
e. development of a theory
a. belief in a preconceived idea
Sterile is best describes as
a. pathogen-free
b. absence of spores
c. absence of any life forms and viral particles
d. pasteurized
e. homogenized
c. absence of any life forms and viral particles
Taxonomy does not involve
a. nomenclature
b. classification
c. identification
d. a common name
d. a common name
Which of the following is a scientific name?
a. Gram-positive streptococcus
b. Streptococcus pyrogenes
c. Anthrax
d. Streptobacilli
b. Streptococcus pyrogenes
When assigning a scientific name to an organism
a. the species name is always capitalized
b. the species name is placed first
c. the species name can be abbreviated
d. both genus and species name are capitalized
e. both genus and species names are italicized or underlined
e. both genus and species names are italicized or underlined
Which scientific name is written correctly?
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. staphylococcus aureus
c. Staphylococcus Aureus
d. Staphylococcus aureus
d. Staphylococcus aureus
The electrons of an atom are
a. always equal to the number of protons
b. used to determine the atomic weight
c. carrying a positive charge
d. used to determine the atomic number
e. always in full orbitals
a. always equal to the number of protons
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 18
e. 32
c. 8
Protons and neutrons make up the atom’s central core, which is referred to as its
a. valence number
b. isotope
c. nucleus
d. center of gravity
c. nucleus
The valence number is the
a. number of protons
b. number of neutrons
c. number of electrons in the innermost shell
d. number of electrons in the outermost orbital
d. number of electrons in the outermost orbital
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the elements ___ bonded to other atoms.
a. carbon
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. hydrogen
e. phosphorus
a. carbon
Substances that release ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity are
a. covalent
b. nonpolar
c. electrons
d. electrolytes
e. solvents
d. electrolytes
covalent bonds
a. result from losing electrons
b. are always polar
c. are always nonpolar
d. result from sharing electrons
e. result from gaining electrons
d. result from sharing electrons
Cations are
a. charged subatomic particles
b. atoms that have gained electrons
c. atoms that have gained neutrons
d. capable of forming ionic bonds with anions
e. atoms without protons
d. capable of forming ionic bonds with anions
A reaction where an electron is lost is called
a. oxidation
b. reduction
c. ionization
d. decomposition
e. dissolution
a. oxidation
Ions bonds
a. result from sharing electrons
b. result from transferring electrons
c. result from charge attraction
d. are the weakest chemical bonds
e. always involve carbon
b. result from transferring electrons
Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?
a. AB—> A + B
b. A + B —> AB
c. AB + XY —> AY + XB
d. AB + XY —> AY + XB
b. A + B —> AB
What type of bond is formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids?
a. glycosidic
b. ester
c. peptide
d. disulfide
e. phosphate
c. peptide
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of
a. hydrophobic molecules
b. electrolytic molecules
c. repeating monomers
d. repeating carbohydrates
e. hydrogen bonds
c. repeating monomers
All of the following are monosaccharides except
a. glucose
b. glycogen
c. fructose
d. deoxyribose
b. glycogen
All of the following are lipids except
a. cholesterol
b. starch
c. wax
d. triglyceride
b. starch
What part of a phospholipid comprises the hydrophobic tail?
a. fatty acids
b. glycerol
c. phosphate
d. alcohol
e. hydroxyl
a. fatty acids
The building blocks of most enzymes are
a. nucleotides
b. glycerol and fatty acids
c. monosaccharides
d. amino acids
d. amino acids
An amino acid contains all of the following except a-an
a. amino group
b. carboxyl group
c. variable R group
d. alpha carbon
e. phosphate
e. phosphate
All of the following are polysaccharides except
a. dextran in some bacterial slime layers
d. agar used to make solid culture media
c. a cell’s glycocalyx
d. cellulose in certain cell walls
e. sterols in cell membranes
e. sterols in cell membranes
The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the
a. prostaglandins
b. phospholipids
c. steroids
d. triglycerides
e. triglycerides
b. phospholipids
The alpha helix is a type of ___ protein structure.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
b. secondary
One nucleotide contains one
a. phosphate
b. pentose sugar
c. nitrogen base
d. all the choices are correct
d. all the choices are correct
Which pertains to DNA, but not to RNA
a. contains ribose
b. contains adenine
c. contains thymine
d. contains uracil
e. contains nucleotides
c. contains thymine
ATP is best described as
a. an enzyme
b. a double helix
c. an electron carrier
d. the energy molecule of cells
d. the energy molecule of cells
Alpha helices and beta pleated sheets are examples of the ___ level of protein structure.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
b. secondary
Select the number of phosphates present in a molecule to ATP.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
b. 4
c. 3
Note 
Flashcard (53)