Chicano Exam #2

Pachocos

Term for punk

Westminster v. Medez (1946)

A court ruling that determined that segregation in schools was unconstitutional and violated the 14th amendment.

A Class Apart

A phrase used to argue that Mexican-Americans were a distinct group that deserved constitutional protection. Used in Hernandez v. Texas.

Joint Task Six

The collaboration between Mexico and the United States during WWII, included the Bracero Program.

Zoot suit origins

Originated from African-American culture, adopted by Mexican-Americans.

1954 Operation Wetback

A government immigration enforcement campaigned that aimed to deport Mexican immigrants, even those who were legal citizens and those born in the US.

Illegal Immigration and the War on Drugs

Portrayed Mexican-Americans as dangerous, and linked the border as a place of drug trafficking and crime. Led to racial violence and mass-incarcerations.

“Little School of 400”

Educational program by Texas in the 1950s that aimed to teach Mexican children English before first grade. Aimed to teach them 400 basic English words to help them succeed in public schools.

The Lemon Grove Incident

On July 23, 1930, the town of Lemon Grove agreed on creating a separate school, one for the White kids and one for the Mexican children.

Proposition 187 in 1994

A law that denies all state spending (hospital care, welfare, and public schools) to illegal immigrants.

Stereotyping vs. Profiling

Stereotyping is making generalized assumptions about a group of people, and profiling is acting on those assumptions.

The Spanish system of branding that was adopted in the US included all, except:

Venta

Establishing Riparian rights include all, except:

The Southern Pacific Line followed a trail from Tubac to San Gabriel originally blazed by:

Juan Bautista de Anza

Labor smugglers were called

Coyote

Factors like poor housing, delinquency, low wages, illiteracy, and rates of disease define ‘the Mexican American Problem’ that are

Social and economic factors

The 1924 Immigration Act promoted social agencies to

Provide aid to the immigrants in the country to adapt.

What is the ‘buffer group?’

Leaders who led the Chicano movement and prevented violence.

The “Case of the Sleepy Lagoon” trial

Murder of Jose Diaz, led to the mass indictment of 22 Mexican-Americans, led to the Zoot Suit riots.

The original pachuquismo of Los Angeles followed the depression years, and later included all Gangs bore an attraction for Mexican youth because:

They offered a sense of identity, belonging, and pride in a society that marginalized them.