GCSE WJEC Chemistry- metal extraction

GCSE WJEC (double award)

cation definition

positive ion

combustion

exothermic redox reaction between fuel + oxygen

what is an electrode

graphite rods that carry charge in and out of electrolyte

iron (iii) + carbon monoxide= iron equation (Oxidised and Reduced)

Fe₂O₂ + 3CO → 2FE (R) + 3CO₂ (O)

neutralisation

acid + base reacting to form a salt + water

reactivity series (MACZIC)

magnesium

aluminium

carbon

zinc

iron

copper

decomposition

when a compound splits into two or more

what is electrolyte

liquid (ions are free to move) which is broken down by an electrical charge

oxygen + coke= carbon monoxide equation

2C + 0₂ → 2CO

steel property + use

cutlery + sinks → resistant to corrosion

steel (low carbon) property + use

easily shaped → car body parts

steel (high carbon) property + use

hard → cutting tools

hot air use

provides oxygen so coke can burn

electrolysis meaning

breaking down of ionic substance using electricity

aluminium properties + uses

strong + light → aeroplanes

non-toxic → saucepan

good heat conductor → high V power cables

cathode meaning

negitavely charged electrodes

titanium properties + uses

non- toxic → artificial joints

low density → aircraft

unreactive → pipes

copper properties + uses

good electricity conductor → electrical wiring

unreactive → pipes

good heat conductor → saucepans

cryolite

substance used to dissolve the aluminium oxide

anion

negative ion

anode

positively charged electrodes

coke use

fuel + produce carbon monoxide for reduction

whats an alloy

mixture of molten metals → properties modifed by changing composition

limestone use

removes impurities (slag formation)

iron ore use

source of iron

@ cathode equation

Al³⁺ + 3e⁻ → Al

@ anode equation

2O²⁻ → 0₂ + 4e⁻

thermit reaction equation + type

exothermic

Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃

calcium oxide + silicon dioxide = slag equation

CaO + Si 0₂ → CaSi0₃

good factory position

by power plant (negociate cheaper deal)

good transport network

P

A

N

I

C

Positive

Anode

Negative

Is

Cathode

O

I

L

R

I

G

Oxidation

Is

Loss

Reduction

Is

Gain

how often carbon needs to be replaced + why

28 days → wear away as CO₂ forms

oxidation

when oxygen is added

reduction

substance loses oxygen

bauxite is

term for the alumnium ore

limestone thermal decomposition = calcium oxide equation

CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

transition metals properties

all typical properties of metals
e.g
-hard
-strong
-shiny
-malleable

fe3+ colour

brown (rust)

Fe2+ colour

pale green

Cu2+ colour

blue

extraction of elements below carbon

(less reactive than carbon)
extracted from its ore by reduction using carbon

extraction of elements higher than carbon

electrolysis

why buckyballs good + bad conductor

good- similar to graphite
not good- simple molecular

cu²+ + zn → zn²+ + cu oxidation + reduction?

cu gains electrons- reduction
zn looses electrons- oxidation

moles equation

moles = mass ÷ Mr

potassium flame test colour

lilac

sodium flame test colour

yellow

calcium flame test colour

brick red

lithium flame test colour

red

Why extraction using more reactive elements work

creates a displacement reaction

excessive mass @ cathode due to

impurities

elements that come in pairs

Hydrogen (have)

Nitrogen (no)

Fluorine (fear)

Oxygen (of)

Iodine (ice)

Chlorine (cold)

Bromine (beer)

ores found

in earths crust

overall electrolysis equation

2Al₂O₃ → 4Al + 3O₂

thermit equation

Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃