GCSE WJEC Chemistry- metal extraction

GCSE WJEC (double award)

cation definition

positive ion

combustion

exothermic redox reaction between fuel + oxygen

what is an electrode

graphite rods that carry charge in and out of electrolyte

iron (iii) + carbon monoxide= iron equation (Oxidised and Reduced)

Fe₂O₂ + 3CO → 2FE (R) + 3CO₂ (O)

neutralisation

acid + base reacting to form a salt + water

reactivity series (MAZIC)

magnesium

aluminium

zinc

iron

copper

decomposition

when a compound splits into two or more

what is electrolyte

liquid (ions are free to move) which is broken down by an electrical charge

oxygen + coke= carbon monoxide equation

2C + 0₂ → 2CO

steel property + use

cutlery + sinks → resistant to corrosion

steel (low carbon) property + use

easily shaped → car body parts

steel (high carbon) property + use

hard → cutting tools

hot air use

provides oxygen so coke can burn

electrolysis meaning

breaking down of ionic substance using electricity

aluminium properties + uses

strong + light → aeroplanes

non-toxic → saucepan

good heat conductor → high V power cables

cathode meaning

negitavely charged electrodes

titanium properties + uses

non- toxic → artificial joints

low density → aircraft

unreactive → pipes

copper properties + uses

good electricity conductor → electrical wiring

unreactive → pipes

good heat conductor → saucepans

cryolite

substance used to dissolve the aluminium oxide

anion

negaitve ion

anode

positively charged electrodes

coke use

fuel + produce carbon monoxide for reduction

whats an alloy

mixture of molten metals → properties modifed by chaning composition

limestone use

removes impurities (slag formation)

iron ore use

source of iron

@ cathode equation

Al³⁺ + 3e⁻ → Al

@ anode equation

O²⁻ → 0₂ + 4e⁻

thermit reaction equation + type

exothermic

Fe₂O₃ + 2Al → 2Fe + Al₂O₃

calcium + silicon dioxide = slag equation

CaO + Si 0₂ → CaSi0₃

good factory position

by power plant (negociate cheaper deal)

good transport network

P

A

N

I

C

Positive

Anode

Negative

Is

Cathode

O

I

L

R

I

G

Oxidation

Is

Loss

Reduction

Is

Gain

how often carbon needs to be replaced + why

28 days → wear away as CO₂ forms

oxidation

when oxygen is added

reduction

substance loses oxygen

bauxite is

term for the alumnium ore

limestone thermal decomposition = calcium oxide equation

CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

transition metals properties

all typical properties of metals
e.g
-hard
-strong
-shiny
-malleable

fe3+ colour

brown (rust)

Fe2+ colour

pale green

Cu2+ colour

blue

extraction of elements below carbon

(less reactive than carbon)
extracted from its ore by reduction using carbon

extraction of elements higher than carbon

electrolysis

why buckyballs good + bad conductor

good- similar to graphite
not good- simple molecular

cu²+ + zn → zn²+ + cu oxidation + reduction?

cu gains electrons- reduction
zn looses electrons- oxidation

moles equation

moles = mass ÷ Mr

flame tests

potassium → lilac
sodium → yellow
calcium → brick red
lithium → red