Genetic Technology

"CRISPR/Cas9"

"Gene editing tool, Molecular scissors"

"Cas9"

"Enzyme that cuts DNA"

"gRNA"

"Guide RNA for Cas9"

"Recombinant DNA Technology"

"Combining DNA from different sources"

"Vectors"

"Carry genes, Plasmids"

"DNA Cloning"

"Making identical DNA copies"

"Transformant"

"Cell that takes up DNA"

"Recombinant DNA"

"New DNA from combined pieces"

"Restriction Enzymes"

"Cut DNA at specific sequences"

"Sticky Ends"

"Single-stranded overhangs for easy joining"

"Blunt Ends"

"Straight cuts, no overhangs"

"Blunt ends"

"Harder to join, cut straight across"

"DNA ligase"

"Enzyme that joins DNA fragments"

"Transformation"

"Cells uptake foreign DNA"

"Heat shock"

"Temperature changes aid DNA absorption"

"Electroporation"

"Electric pulses open cell membranes"

"DNA library"

"Collection of an organism's DNA"

"Genomic DNA library"

"Contains all DNA from an organism"

"cDNA library"

"Contains DNA for expressed genes"

"Biotechnology"

"Using living organisms to solve problems"

"Polymerase Chain Reaction"

"Technique to make millions of DNA copies"

"Primers"

"Small DNA pieces marking start and end"

"Taq polymerase"

"Enzyme that builds new DNA strands"

"dNTPs"

"Building blocks for new DNA"

"Denaturing"

"Heating to separate DNA strands"

"Annealing"

"Cooling for primer attachment"

"Extension"

"Taq polymerase builds new DNA"

"RT-PCR"

"Converts RNA to DNA"

"Phosphatase"

"Enzyme that removes phosphate groups"

"Blue-White Screening"

"Identifies bacteria with new DNA"

"Multiple Cloning Site"

"Region with many cutting sites"

"Origin of Replication"

"Starting point for DNA copying"

"Selectable Marker"

"Gene that identifies cells with new DNA"

"Competent Cells"

"Cells prepared to take up DNA"

"Genetic Engineering"

"Changing an organism's genes"

"GMOs"

"Organisms with altered genes"

"Transgenic Organisms"

"Organisms with foreign genes"

"Gene Therapy"

"In vivo and ex vivo treatments"

"Gene therapy"

"Using genes to treat diseases"

"In vivo"

"Direct gene delivery into the body"

"Ex vivo"

"Changing cells outside the body"

"Retrovirus"

"Virus that converts RNA to DNA"

"Virion"

"Complete infectious virus particle"

"Reverse transcriptase"

"Enzyme converting viral RNA to DNA"

"Pseudotyping"

"Changing virus coat for different cell infection"

"Replication-incompetent virus"

"Modified virus used in gene therapy"

"Packaging cell line"

"Cells producing safe viruses"

"Agrobacterium tumefaciens"

"Bacterium transferring DNA into plants"

"Ti plasmid"

"DNA circle in Agrobacterium for gene transfer"

"T-DNA"

"Part of Ti plasmid causing plant growth"