Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the basics of human anatomy, physiology, terminology, body regions, and systems based on the lecture transcript.

Anatomy

Derived from the Latin words 'Ana' (meaning part or separate) and 'Tomi/Tomie' (meaning cut or slice), it is the study of the form and structure of the normal body and the relationships between its parts.

Physiology

The study of the functions or work of the human body in a normal state.

Sitologi (Cytology)

The study of cells.

Histologi (Histology)

Also known as Microscopic Anatomy, it is the study of tissues through observation using a microscope.

Anatomi Makroskopik (Macroscopic Anatomy)

The study of body structures through observation or dissection without the use of a microscope.

Anatomi Sistemik (Systemic Anatomy)

The study of each individual system found within the body.

Anatomi Regional (Regional Anatomy)

The study of the location of body organs in relation to one another.

Sikap Anatomi (Anatomical Position)

A state where the body stands upright facing forward with hands and feet held close together, similar to a 'ready' position.

Potongan Vertikal/Sagital/Medial/Longitudinal

A plane showing ventral and dorsal directions that divides the body into dextra (right) and sinistra (left).

Potongan Horizontal/Transversal

A plane showing cranial and caudal directions that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower).

Potongan Frontal

A plane showing medial and lateral directions that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back).

Medial vs. Lateral

Medial refers to the direction toward the middle, while Lateral refers to the direction toward the side.

Superior vs. Inferior

Superior refers to the upward direction (above), while Inferior refers to the downward direction (below).

Anterior (Ventral) vs. Posterior (Dorsal)

Anterior/Ventral refers to the front direction, while Posterior/Dorsal refers to the back direction.

Superfisial vs. Profunda

Superfisial refers to a shallow depth, while Profunda refers to a deep position.

Proksimal vs. Distal

Proksimal means approaching the trunk of the body, while Distal means moving away from the trunk of the body.

Viseral vs. Parietal

Viseral refers to the inner layer/membrane covering an organ, while Parietal refers to the outer layer/membrane.

Palmar vs. Plantar

Palmar refers to the palm of the hand, while Plantar refers to the sole of the foot.

Fleksi (Flexion)

The act of bending or folding a joint; it is usually an anterior movement but can sometimes be posterior.

Ekstensi (Extension)

The act of straightening a joint, usually moving in a posterior direction.

Abduksi (Abduction)

Movement moving away from the body or the midline of the body in the coronal plane.

Aduksi (Adduction)

Movement moving toward the midline of the body in the coronal plane.

Rotasi (Rotation)

The movement of a body part turning or spinning around its long axis.

Sirkumduksi (Circumduction)

A circular movement or a combined sequence of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Supinasio (Supination)

Lateral rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly (upward).

Pronasio (Pronation)

Medial rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly (downward).

Inversio vs. Eversio

Inversio is moving the foot so the sole faces medially; Eversio is moving the foot so the sole faces laterally.

Protaksio vs. Retraksio

Protaksio is the forward movement of the lower jaw (mandible); Retraksio is the backward movement of the lower jaw.

Epigastrik

The region at the pit of the stomach, located in the top center of the abdomen.

Umbilikus

The central region of the abdomen, also known as the navel or belly button.

Hipokondrik Dextra

The upper right region of the abdomen containing the gallbladder and parts of the liver and right kidney.

Miologi (Myology)

The branch of science that studies the muscular system.

Neurologi (Neurology)

The branch of science that studies the nervous system.

Osteologi (Osteology)

The study of the skeletal system/bones.

Artrologi (Arthrology)

The study of joints.

Kardiologi (Cardiology)

The study of the heart and the cardiovascular system.

Meningens

The protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord located in the posterior/dorsal cavity.

Cerebrospinal

The fluid found within the cranial and spinal cavities.

Mediastinum

The space located between the two pleural cavities in the thoracic region, containing the pericardial cavity and the heart.

Mesenterium

A fold of the peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall and contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves.

Cavum

A term meaning cavity or hollow space within the body.

Foramen Magnum

The large opening through which the cranial cavity and spinal cavity are connected.