Ifugao and Maranao Sculpture, Elements and Principles of Art, and Ilocano Traditions

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering traditional Ifugao and Maranao sculptures, the formal elements and principles of art, and the cultural crafts of the Ilocos Region.

Bul-ul

Carved Anito figures of the Ifugaos that represent ancestral spirits and granary gods, considered guardians of the harvest.

Hagabi

A chair made of Narra representing power and high social status; it is owned by the highest class of individuals in Ifugao society.

Torogan

A traditional royal house of a sultan or datu among the Maranao people, known for its intricate panolong (beam-ends) and construction from whole tree-trunks.

Panolong

A carved end beam of the Torogan house decorated with okir designs.

Sarimanok

A legendary fowl sculpture from the Maranao people representing a bird with wings, feathered tail, and a head decorated with ornaments, usually perched on a fish.

Line

An element of art defined by a point moving in space that can be two-dimensional, three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

Color

An element of art composed of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.

Hue

The specific name of a color.

Value

The property of color relating to its lightness or darkness.

Intensity

The quality of color used to produce a value.

Perspective

An element of art that represents three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface to create an illusion of space and depth.

Space

An element of art consisting of positive and negative areas or a sense of depth achieved in a work.

Form

A three-dimensional element of art that encloses volume and includes height, width, and depth.

Shape

A two-dimensional or flat element of art limited to height and width.

Volume

An element of art representing the mass in an artwork or sculpture, often simulated in paintings for a three-dimensional effect.

Texture

An element of art referring to the way things feel or look as if they might feel if touched.

Rhythm

A principle of art indicating movement created by the careful placement of repeated elements.

Balance

A principle of art involving the combination of elements to produce stability in a work.

Emphasis

A principle of art used to stress the differences between elements to create a focal point.

Proportion

A principle of art concerning the relationship of certain elements to the whole work of art.

Variety

A principle of art concerned with diversity or contrast.

Movement

A principle of art used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer's eye.

Unity

A principle of art representing the combination of different elements of arts into a harmonious whole.

Pattern

A principle of art involving the uniform repetition of elements.

Ilocos Region (Region I)

An administrative region in the northwestern section of Luzon covering Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and Pangasinan.

Inabel

Also known as Iloco fabric, it is a hand-woven cloth made from cotton produced by Ilocanos.

Binatbatan

The painstaking process of beating cotton balls with bamboo sticks to separate the seeds during the initial stage of fabric production.

Sagut

A plant abundant in Mangaldan, Pangasinan, whose sap is traditionally used to dye threads for weaving.

Panagabel

The oldest Ilocano weaving tradition inherited from ancestors; uses an ingredient/loom component called tilar.

Pedro Bucaneg

Known as the Father of Iloco Literature, he is believed to have transcribed the oral epic Biag ni Lam-ang.

Biag ni Lam-ang

An oral epic considered the literary treasure of the Ilocos Region.

Banig (Buri) weaving

A traditional art form in Bolinao, Pangasinan, using buri, pandanus, or sea grass leaves to create mats with geometric patterns.