AP World History Semester 1 Exam Quizlet

Yang Jian

Ambitious ruler who centralized imperial rule in China.

Sui Dynasty

Strong centralized government with high taxes and labor.

Grand Canal

Largest water project before modern times, built by Sui.

Sui Yangdi

Ruler who completed the Grand Canal for trade.

Tang Taizong

Ruler who stabilized China and expanded military.

Equal Field System

Land distribution based on fertility and needs.

Uighurs

Turkish tribe hired to defend China, led to collapse.

Song Dynasty

Focused on civil administration, arts, and education.

Song Taizu

Expanded merit bureaucracy for loyalty from officials.

Li Bai

Most popular poet of the Tang era.

Foot Binding

Practice to stunt women's foot growth for beauty.

Wu Zhao

Female ruler who strengthened civil service system.

Porcelain

Art form known as chinaware, highly valued.

Gunpowder

Explosive discovered during Tang, refined over time.

Chang'an

Capital city seized by Tang Taizong for stability.

Khitan Tribe

Attacked Song Dynasty, prompting capital relocation.

Bamboo Fire Lances

Early weapon using gunpowder for military purposes.

Merit Bureaucracy

System where government positions are earned by ability.

Patriarchal Authority

Social structure increasing control over women's roles.

Civil Service System

Government structure to manage state affairs effectively.

Social Life Poetry

Li Bai's themes reflecting urban Chinese experiences.

Bureaucracy

Government system based on merit and exams.

Equal Field System

Land distribution system to ensure fairness.

Fast Ripening Rice

Agricultural innovation from Vietnam boosting food supply.

Civil Service Exams

Examinations allowing commoners to hold office.

Metallurgical Technologies

Advancements in metal production and processing.

Block Printing

Printing method using movable type for texts.

Flying Cash

Early form of paper currency for trade.

Neo-Confucianism

Philosophy blending Confucianism and Buddhist themes.

Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca required for Muslims.

Dar-al-Islam

Lands under Islamic rule and governance.

Umma

Community of faithful Muslims united by faith.

Five Pillars of Islam

Core beliefs guiding Muslim practice and faith.

Jihad

Spiritual struggle to promote and defend Islam.

Sharia

Islamic law governing various aspects of life.

Caliph

Leader of the Muslim community after Muhammad.

Jizya

Tax on non-Muslims in Islamic territories.

Umayyad Dynasty

First major Islamic dynasty, focused on expansion.

Abbasid Dynasty

Islamic dynasty known for cultural and intellectual growth.

Battle of Talas River

Conflict marking the end of Tang expansion.

Ulama

Scholars with religious knowledge in Islam.

Qadis

Judges administering Islamic law and justice.

Sakk

Early form of checks in Islamic banking.

Madrasas

Educational institutions for higher learning in Islam.

Sufis

Mystics focusing on spiritual connection with Allah.

Al-Ghazali

Theologian emphasizing faith over reason in Islam.

Ibn Rushd

Philosopher known for integrating Aristotle with Islam.

Rubaiyat

Famous poetry collection by Omar Khayyam.

Cultural Traditions

Merging of Islamic practices with Persian and Indian cultures.

Harsha

King who unified India but faced local authority challenges.

Islamic Introduction

Islam entered India via military conquests and trade.

Mahmud of Ghazni

Turkic leader known for plundering northern India.

Sultanate of Delhi

Islamic state established by Mahmud's successors in India.

Chola Kingdom

Ruled Coramandel coast, expanded into southern India.

Vijayanagar

Independent kingdom formed by brothers from Delhi Sultanate.

Monsoon

Seasonal winds affecting agriculture and irrigation in India.

Irrigation

System of watering crops, crucial during dry months.

Sind Conquest

Islamic forces conquered Sind, spreading Islam in India.

Somnath Temple

Hindu temple destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni.

Local Rulers

Indian leaders maintained authority against centralization efforts.

Nomadic Infiltration

Nomads settled in India during political chaos.

Gujarat Region

Trade center for early Muslim communities in India.

Piety and Liberality

Harsha's reputation for generosity and respect for faiths.

Autonomy in Villages

Chola Kingdom allowed local self-governance under rules.

Ceylon Conquest

Chola Kingdom expanded to conquer parts of Ceylon.

Rural Profits

Chola Kingdom prioritized profit over state power.

Political Chaos

Post-Gupta instability led to fragmented Indian politics.

Maritime Trade

Arab and Persian mariners engaged in Indian trade.

Assassination of Harsha

Harsha was killed shortly after his rule.

Hindu Resistance

Opposition faced by the Sultanate of Delhi from Hindus.

Urbanization

Population growth led to increased city development.

Internal Trade

Regions exchanged goods not available locally.

Hindu Temples

Centers of public life and economic activity.

Temple Authorities

Served as bankers and economic facilitators.

Dhows

Boats used by Indian and Arabian sailors.

Junks

Southeast Asian boats designed for heavy cargo.

Emporia

Warehouses and trade centers in the Indian Ocean.

Maritime Silk Roads

Sea lanes connecting trade routes and emporiums.

Umayyad Dynasty

Early Islamic empire that boosted Indian trade.

Abbasid Dynasty

Islamic empire that enhanced maritime commerce.

Axum Kingdom

Trade-supported kingdom that maintained independence.

Caste System

Social hierarchy adapting to economic changes.

Vishnu

Hindu god representing preservation and observation.

Shiva

Hindu god symbolizing fertility and destruction.

Shankara

Philosopher unifying Hindu sacred texts.

Ramanuja

Philosopher emphasizing devotion over philosophical understanding.

Bhakti Movement

Cult merging Hindu and Islamic beliefs.

Sufis

Islamic mystics bridging gaps between religions.

Guru Kabir

Bhakti leader advocating unity of deities.

Cross-Cultural Trade

Exchange of diverse goods between regions.

Cosmopolitan Centers

Diverse urban areas thriving on trade.

Higher Class Textiles

Luxury cotton products in high demand.

Trade Goods

Silk, porcelain, and spices exchanged globally.

Indian Influence

Asian rulers adopted Indian policies while retaining traditions.

Kingship

Principle form of political authority in Asia.

Elites

Sponsored Indian literature and Buddhist/Hindu values.

Ramayana

Epic literature reflecting Indian cultural values.

Mahabharata

Another epic literature significant in Indian culture.

Funan

First state reflecting Indian influence in Southeast Asia.

Kra Isthmus

Trade route between China and India, economically vital.