Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide: Chapters 12 and 13 Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from Chapter 12/13 Study Guide covering sensory organs, nervous system details, and endocrine system hormones and conditions.

External acoustic meatus

Carries sound to the tympanic membrane.

Acromegaly

Results from over secretion of GH during adulthood after epiphyseal ossification.

Pupil response in dim light

Dilates.

Cushing syndrome

Results from hypersecretion of cortisol (often due to adrenal tumor or excess ACTH).

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Most consistent with autoimmune destruction of beta cells.

Accommodation

A change in lens shape to focus on near objects.

Referred pain

Pain felt in a different location than its origin, such as perceiving heart attack pain in the left shoulder or medial left arm.

Cones

Photoreceptors that primarily support color vision and sharp images in bright light.

Static equilibrium receptors

Receptors located in the vestibule (utricle and saccule).

Epinephrine (in the alarm stage)

Tends to intensify and prolong sympathetic responses during the alarm stage.

Stressor

A factor capable of initiating a stress response.

Hyperopia

A condition in which near vision is blurry because the eyeball is too short and the image focuses beyond the retina.

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Hormone whose inadequate action causes reduced water reabsorption, leading to very high urine output; also known as vasopressin.

Alpha cells

Cells that secrete glucagon.

Dynamic equilibrium receptors

Receptors located in the semicircular canals.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Most consistent with insulin resistance and milder early symptoms.

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)

A common second messenger described for many hormones.

Steroid or thyroid hormone

A hormone that diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to a nuclear receptor.

Vasopressin

Another name for ADH.

ACTH

Stimulates secretion of cortisol and other glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.

FSH (in females)

Causes growth and development of ovarian follicles.

Taste cells

Modified epithelial cells.

Downregulation

A decrease in receptor number due to increased hormone levels.

Diabetes mellitus

A metabolic disease resulting from lack of insulin or inability of cells to recognize insulin.

Lysozyme in tears

Primarily provides antibacterial protection.

Auricle (pinna)

Primarily collects and funnels sound waves.

Photoreceptors

Receptors directly activated by a stimulus such as light striking the retina.

Nervous tissue of the brain

Tissue that lacks pain receptors.

Gigantism

Results from oversecretion of GH during childhood.