GEN BIO Plant organ system and development

Anatomy

is the study of an organism’s form, and physiology is the study of its function.

stem

is the central axis of a shoot, which ends in a terminal bud.

Herbaceous plants

typically have soft, green stems; woody plants have stems and roots strengthened with wood.

Parenchyma

cells are alive at maturity. They are relatively unspecialized and often function in metabolism or storage.

Collenchyma

cells are also alive. Their thick primary cell walls provide elastic support to growing shoots.

Sclerenchyma

cells are dead at maturity. Their thick secondary cell walls contain lignin, supporting plant parts that are no longer growing.

Xylem

transports and stores water and water-soluble nutrients in vascular plants.

Phloem

is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules in plants.

c.  Flower

Which of the following is NOT a vegetative organ in a plant?

a.  Stem

b.  Leaf

c.  Flower

d.  Root

b.  Sclerenchyma cell

Which of the following is a supportive cell type with a thick secondary cell wall?

a.  Collenchyma cell

b.  Sclerenchyma cell

c.  Guard cell

d.  Vascular cambium cell

d.  Root hairs

Which structures provide abundant surface area for water and mineral absorption?

a.  Leaves

b.  Meristems

c.  Veins

d.  Root hairs

a.  apical meristem

The ability of a sunflower plant to become taller is directly due to its

a.  apical meristem

b.  lateral meristems

c.  mesophyll cells.

d.  taproot system.

Secondary xylem

Which tissue type occupies most of the volume of a tree trunk?

a.  Secondary xylem

b.  Secondary phloem

c.  Bark

d.  Vascular cambium

b.  Leaves

Which of the following structures is necessary for transpiration to occur?

a.  Sieve tubes

b.  Leaves

c.  Fruits

d.  Roots

c.  Photosynthetic tissue

Where do the simple sugars in phloem sap originate?

a.  Soil

b.  Fruits

c.  Photosynthetic tissue

d.  Flowers

b.  meiosis.

The new gene combinations associated with sexual reproduction in plants are the result of

a.  mitosis.

b.  meiosis.

c.  cloning.

d.  Both b and c are correct.

b.  equal to

Assuming that every egg in a flower is fertilized, the number of ovules in the flower is typically       the number of seeds in the resulting fruit.

a.  less than

b.  equal to

c.  greater than

d.  unrelated to

All are adaptive.

What type of tropism is adaptive to a developing plant?

a.  Phototropism

b.  Gravitropism

c.  Thigmotropism

d.  All are adaptive.