Unit 4 Study Guide

what are the 3 layers of the skin

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

what is the outermost layer of the skin

epidermis

what is the middle layer of the skin

dermis

what is the innermost layer of the skin

hypodermis

why is the skin effective against microbial invasion

it is a physical barrier

what is a frequent site for microbial infection in the eye

conjunctiva

what characteristics of the skin discourage colonization by transient microbes

relatively dry environment and normal microbiota

what causes many different types of skin infections, many of which occur when bacteria breach the skin barrier through a cut or wound

staphylococcus and streptococcus

what is frequently associated with purulent skin infections that manifest as folliculitis, furuncles, or carbuncles

S. aureus

what is the leading cause of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

S. aureus

S. aureus is generally considered…

drug resistant, current MRSA strains are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics

what infections are an ongoing problem because many people are asymptomatic carriers

community-acquired and hospital acquired staphylococcal infections

what is often responsible for cases of cellulitis, erysipelas, and erythema nosodum

group A streptococci (GAS), S. pyogenes

what is one of many possible causes of necrotizing fasciitis

GAS

what is often responsible for infections of the skin and eyes, including wound and burn infections, hot tub rash, otitis externa, and bacterial keratitis

P. aeruginosa

what is a common skin condition that can become more inflammatory when Cutibacterium acnes infects hair follicles and pores clogged with dead skin cells and sebum

acne

what occurs when Bacillus anthracis breaches the skin barrier resulting in a localized black eschar on skin. Anthrax can be fatal if B. anthracis spreads to the bloodstream

cutaneous anthrax

what is often caused by Haemophilus influenzae and usually resolves on its own in a few days

common bacterial conjunctivitis

more serious forms of conjunctivitis include gonococcal opthalmia neonatorum, inclusion conjunctivitis (chlamydial), and trachoma which can lead to what if untreated

blindness

what is frequently caused by staphylococcus epidermidis and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, especially among contact lens users, and can lead to blindness

keratitis

what complicates the treatment of wound and eye infections because pathogens living in these can be difficult to treat and eliminate

biofilms

what are papillomas (warts) caused by

human papillomaviruses

what mainly causes oral herpes, but lesion can also appear on other areas of the skin and mucous membranes

herpes simplex virus (esp HSV-1)

what is often caused by adenoviruses and may be associated with the common cold

viral conjunctivitis

what is caused by herpesviruses that spread to the eye

herpes keratitis

what can be cutaneous, subcutaneous, or systemic

mycoses

what are