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Conceptual Modeling (Conceptual Model)
A model that exists in the mind used to help us know and understand ideas.
Graphical Model
A visualization of an idea, often created on paper or through software, in two or three dimensions.
Graphical Model
A visualization of an idea, often created on paper or through software, in two or three dimensions.
Physical Model
A smaller or larger tangible version of an object that can be physically interacted with.
Virtual Model (Virtual Prototype)
A photorealistic, CAD-based interactive model that uses surface and solid modelling. They can be considered 'digital mock-ups'.
Systems Design
Defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy requirements.
Service Design
Planning and organization of people, infrastructure, communication, and material parts of a service to improve quality and provider-customer interactions.
Product Design
Generating ideas, then developing them into final products for consumers.
Scale Drawing
A drawing that is bigger or smaller than the real product, but exactly in proportion with product.
Projection Drawings
Systems of drawings that are accurately drawn, the two main types are isometric projection (formal drawing technique) and orthographic projection (working drawing technique).
Working Drawings
Drawings that are used to guide the production of a product, most commonly orthographical projection, section drawings, part drawings, assembly drawings and plan drawings.
Orthographic Drawing (Orthographic Drawings)
A series of 2D views of an object that show it exactly as it is in terms of shape and form (constructional details).
Isometric Drawing
A type of drawing that depicts the proposed solution in 3D from a 30/90/30 degree axis, showing shape and form.
Exploded Isometric Drawing
An isometric drawing with two or more components, depicting how they assemble together.
Assembly Drawings
A diagram that shows how components fit together to make a whole. Typically presented in an exploded view.
Perspective Drawings
A set of formal drawing techniques that depicts an object as getting smaller and closer together the further away they are. The techniques drawings are one-point, two-point, and three-point.
Part Drawings
Orthographic drawings of the components of an assembly containing details just about that component.
Sketches
Rough drawings of ideas used to convey or refine the idea.
Formal Drawing Techniques
A type of drawing technique that has fixed rules, the most widely used being isometric projection and perspective drawing.
Annotations
Small notes beside features of graphical models to explain the thinking behind the image represented.
Scale Model
A model that is either a smaller or larger physical copy of an object.
Aesthetic Model
A model developed to look and feel like the final product.
Mock-Up
A scale or full-size representation of a product used to gain feedback from users.
Prototype
A sample or model built to test a concept or process, or to act as an object to be replicated or learned from. Can be developed at a range of fidelity and for different contexts.
Fidelity
The degree to which a prototype is exactly like the final product.
Instrumented Model
Prototypes that are equipped with the ability to take measurements to provide accurate quantitative feedback for analysis.
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
The use of computers to aid the design process.
Surface Model
A realistic picture of the final model, offering some machining data. Contains no data about the interior of the part.
Solid Model
A clear representation of the final part. Provides a complete set of data for the product to be realized.
Top-Down (Top-Down Design)
A product development process obtained through 3D, parametric and associative CAD systems. The main feature of this new method is that the design originates as a concept and gradually evolves into a complete product consisting of components and sub-assemblies.
Bottom-Up Modeling
A designer creates part geometry independent of the assembly or any other component. Although there are often some design criteria established before modelling the part, this information is not shared between models. Once all parts are completed, they are brought together for the first time in the assembly.
Data Model
A model that determines the structure of data.
Flat File
Refers to a data model with just 1 data table, lacking structural interrelationships.
Relational
Refers to a data model with 2 or more linked data tables.
Digital Human
Computer simulation of a variety of mechanical and biological aspects of the human body.
Haptic Technology (Haptick Feedback)
An emerging technology that interfaces the user via the sense of touch.
Virtual Reality (VR)
The ability to simulate a real situation on the screen and interact with it in a near-natural way.
Animation
The ability to link graphic screens together in such a way as to simulate motion or a process.
Motion Capture
The recording of human and animal movement by any means, for example, by video, magnetic or electro-mechanical devices.
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
The calculation and simulation of unknown factors in products using CAD systems. For example, simulating the stresses within a welded car part.
Rapid Prototyping
The process of quickly machining a complete product with internal details.
Stereolithography (SLA)
A modelling technique that creates 3D models layer-by-layer by hardening molecules of a liquid polymer using a laser beam.
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
An additive manufacturing technique that uses a laser to fuse small particles of material into a mass that has a desired 3D shape.
Laminated Object Manufacturing
A system that virtually slices a 3D CAD model into thin layers, then cuts out each layer from a roll of material using a laser or plotter cutter. The layers can then be glued in the correct order to create a 3D model.
Fused Deposition Modeling
A 3D printing technique that places melted layers of material on a bed to build up a 3D model.
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