Sustaining Living Systems

ecological integrity

A process that aims to regain ________ and enhance human well- being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes.

Global

________ protected area included more than 150, 00 sites, with a total land area of 24 million square kilometers, and covers more than 15 % of the earths total land surface.

Global Coverage

________: 14.8 % of terrestrial and inland water areas, 5.1 % of oceans, and 12.7 % of coastal and marine areas.

biological aspects

The process of combining all aspects of human, physical, and ________ of the coastal zone within a single management framework.

Global Coverage

14.8% of terrestrial and inland water areas, 5.1% of oceans, and 12.7% of coastal and marine areas

● Lack of community support or conflict with protected area managers can arise under these scenarios

○ Communities lack awareness about biodiversity conservation ○ They are neglected in the decision-making ○ The establishment of protected areas is perceived to result in inequitable distribution of benefits ○ They disadvantage the community by limiting their resource utilization or source of livelihood Other approaches to natural resource management ● Natural Resource Management ○ Broadly refers to the sustainable utilization of major natural resources, such as land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and wild flora and fauna ■ Collectively, these resources provide ecosystem services essential for humans ● The establishment of protected areas remains the major approach for biodiversity conservation ○ However, this approach often restricts human use and access to designated areas

The benefits of having protected areas

- They are essential for biodiversity conservation
- They are critical for maintaining a healthy environment for people and nature
- They are vital to the cultures and livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local communities
- They also deliver clean air and water
- They bring benefits through tourism
- They provide protection from climate change and natural disasters

Establishing Protected Areas

Done for Biodiversity Conservation

Natural Resource Management

Broadly refers to the sustainable utilization of major natural resources, such as land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and wild flora and fauna

Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)

These are identified by national constituencies using globally standardized criteria and quantitative thresholds

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM)

Promotes conservation through the sustainable use of natural resources, enables communities to generate income that can be used for rural development, and promotes democracy and good governance in local institutions

Integrated water resource management

A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems

Ecosystem approach

A strategy for the integrated management of land, water, and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way

Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)

The process of combining all aspects of human, physical, and biological aspects of the coastal zone within a single management framework

Integrated natural resources management

Responsible and broad-based management of the land, water, forest, and biological resources base–including genes–needed to sustain agricultural productivity and avert degradation of potential productivity

Forest landscape restoration

A process that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes