scales

major scale

W W H W W W H

natural minor scale

W H W W H W W

harmonic minor scale

W H W W H W W#

melodic minor scale

W H W W H W# W#

tonic

first and last notes of a scale

supertonic

second note of a scale

mediant

third note of a scale

subdominant

fourth note of a scale

dominant

fifth note of a scale

submediant

sixth note of a scale

leading tone

seventh note of a scale (if a half step below tonic)

subtonic

seventh note of a scale (if a whole step below tonic)

order of flats in key signature

B E A D G C F (Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles’ Father)

order of sharps in key signature

F C G D A E B (Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle)

sharps are ___ (key signature calculation)

positive

flats are ___ (key signature calculation)

negative

C major numeric value

0

D major numeric value

2

E major numeric value

4

F major numeric value

-1

G major numeric value

1

A major numeric value

3

B major numeric value

5

generic 1st (interval)

when two notes occupy the same line or space, regardless of accidentals

generic 2nd (interval)

two notes that are one space apart

generic 3rd (interval)

two notes that are two spaces apart

generic 4th (interval)

two notes that are three spaces apart

generic 5th (interval)

two notes that are four spaces apart

generic 6th (interval)

two notes that are five spaces apart

generic 7th (interval)

two notes that are six spaces apart

generic 8th (interval)

two notes that are seven spaces apart

major 2nd (interval)

made up of two half steps

major 3rd (interval)

made up of four half steps

perfect 4th (interval)

made up of five half steps

perfect 5th (interval)

made up of seven half steps

major 6th (interval)

made up of nine half steps

major 7th (interval)

made up of eleven half steps

perfect 8th (interval)

made up of twelve half steps

major quality intervals

seconds, thirds, sixths, sevenths

perfect quality intervals

firsts, fourths, fifths, eighths

minor intervals

one less half step than any given major interval (ie minor 3rd = three half steps since major 3rd = four half steps)

augmented intervals

one more half step than any given perfect OR major interval (ie augmented 4th = six half steps since perfect 4th = five half steps. ALSO, augmented 6th = ten half steps since major 6th = nine half steps)

diminished intervals

one less half step than any given perfect OR minor interval (ie diminished 5th = six half steps since perfect 5th = seven half steps. ALSO, diminished 7th = nine half steps since minor 7th = ten half steps)