T63+64

Industrial Revolution origin

Began in Britain in the 1700s.

Initial industry of the Industrial Revolution

The Textile Industry.

Textile Industry

The industry that makes cloth, clothes, thread, and fabric (Vocab).

The Spinning Wheel

An early tool used to spin wool or cotton into thread.

The Spinning Jenny

A wheel with several spindles that allowed one person to make thread on many spindles at once.

Water-powered machinery

Equipment that used running water to turn giant wheels, powering hundreds of spindles.

First American factories

Textile Mills, where people first came together in one place to work.

James Watt

The inventor of the steam engine.

Impact of the steam engine on factory location

Factories no longer had to be near water and could be built anywhere.

Economic shift for workers

People began working in factories to earn money due to the high demand for clothes.

Samuel Slater

An English apprentice who immigrated to the U.S. and built the first factory in Rhode Island.

The "Rhode Island System"

A factory system that employed entire families, including children.

Francis Cabot Lowell

An entrepreneur who built a major textile factory in Massachusetts.

The "Lowell System"

A system that hired young, unmarried women (ages 15-35) instead of families.

Lowell boarding houses

Housing provided near the factory for the young women workers to stay in.

Comparison of factory vs. farm work

Factory work provided a steady income regardless of weather, unlike unpredictable farming.

Attitude of "Lowell Girls"

Many found the long hours more enjoyable than the labor of working on a farm.

Relationship between cotton price and demand

As the price of cotton dropped, the demand for it grew.

Industrial production scale (Amount factories were eventually able to produce per day)

Factories were eventually able to produce thousands of yards of cotton cloth each day.

Technology

The ways in which we make things and do things, focusing on improvements (Vocab).

Industrial Revolution (Vocab)

The period of rapid technological improvement.

Role of spindles in textile production

Parts of the machine that hold the thread as it is being spun.

Why factories moved to cities

The steam engine allowed them to move away from rural rivers to more populated areas.

Reason for high demand in the 1800s

Increased efficiency made clothing more affordable for more people.

Eli Whitney's interchangeable parts

A process where products are made with identical parts that can be swapped for one another.

Mass production

The manufacture of goods in large quantities made identically to others of the same product.

Turnpikes

Gravel and stone roads that charged a fee (tax) for use and improvements.

Canals

Hand-dug waterways connecting cities and big water sources to make trade easier.

The Erie Canal

A 363-mile man-made waterway that took 8 years to complete.

Connectivity of the Erie Canal

A canal that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie.

Economic effect of the Erie Canal

Lowered shipping costs by significantly shortening the trip for goods.

Robert Fulton

Built America's first successful steamboat using a giant paddle wheel.

Advantage of the Steamboat

Allowed travelers to move upstream and against the wind for the first time.

Steam Locomotive

A way of transportation that moved goods and people across the country via rail.

Efficiency of the Railroad

Reduced cross-country travel time from six months to just one week.

Telegraph

A device using electromagnetism to send instant messages across wires over large distances.

Samuel Morse

Invented a better version of the telegraph and "Morse Code" in the 1840s.

Morse Code

A system of communication using dots and dashes to represent letters and numbers.

Impact of the Telegraph

Allowed people to receive and share information almost instantly across the country.

The Cotton Gin

An invention that cleaned cotton of seeds and debris fifty times faster than by hand.

Eli Whitney

The inventor who made both the cotton gin and interchangeable parts.

Urbanization in the 1800s

New inventions caused cities like Boston and New York to grow at a rapid pace.

Patent

Federal government protection that prevents an invention from being stolen or copied (Vocab).

Method of canal construction

These massive waterways were dug entirely by hand using man power.

Purpose of turnpike gravel

Made roads easier to travel on during both wet and dry seasons.