Sheep Heart Dissection Lab
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60 Terms
What is the main difference between sheep and human hearts?
sheep have 2 anterior venae cavae, humans have 1 superior venae cavae
In a sheep, what does anterior mean?
towards head
In a sheep, what does posterior/caudal mean?
towards tail
In a sheep, what does ventral mean?
towards front/belly
In a sheep, what does dorsal mean?
towards back
Which chamber has the thickest wall?
left ventricle
Why is the LV wall thickest?
pumps blood through high pressure systemic circuit
Which chamber has the thinnest walls?
right and left atria
Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
right ventricle
Which chamber pumps blood to the body?
left ventricle
Which chamber receives blood from the venae cavae?
right atrium
Which chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?
left atrium
Which ventricle forms the apex of the heart?
left ventricle
What is the complete pathway of blood through the heart?
venae cavae, ra, tricuspid, rv, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, lungs, pulmonary veins, la, mitral, lv, aortic valve, aorta, body
What type of blood is in the right side of the heart?
deoxygenated
What type of blood is in the left side of the heart?
oxygenated
Which vessels bring deoxygenated blood into the heart?
venae cavae
Which vessels bring oxygenated blood into the heart?
pulmonary veins
Where is the tricuspid valve?
between right atrium and right ventricle
How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?
3
Where is the mitral valve?
between left atrium and left ventricle
How many cusps does the mitral valve have?
2
Where is the pulmonary valve?
between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Where is the aortic valve?
between left ventricle and aorta
Which valves are AV valves?
tricuspid and mitral
Which valves are semilunar valves?
pulmonary and aortic
What happens to the AV valves during ventricular systole?
closed
What happens to the semilunar valves during ventricular systole?
open
What happens to the AV valves during ventricular diastole?
open
What happens to the semilunar valves during ventricular diastole?
closed
What happens to papillary muscles during systole?
contract
What happens to chordae tendineae during systole?
become tight
When are all four valves closed?
during isovolumetric contraction and relaxation
How many times per cardiac cycle are all four valves closed?
2 times
What is the function of chordae tendineae?
prevent av valves from prolapsing into the atria during systole
What do papillary muscles do?
contract during systole to tension the chordae tendinae
Which valves have chordae tendineae?
tricuspid and mitral
Which valves do NOT have chordae tendineae?
pulmonary and aortic
Why don't semilunar valves need chordae tendineae?
pocket shaped cusps naturally close when blood flows backwards
What causes the "lub" heart sound?
closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
What causes the "dup" heart sound?
closure of pulmonary and aortic valves
What is the interventricular septum?
wall separating left and right ventricles
What are trabeculae carneae?
irregular muscular columns on the inside of ventricles
What is the moderator band?
muscular band in the right ventricle containing purkinje fibres
What are auricles?
ear like extensions of the atria
What is the pulmonary trunk?
vessel carrying deoxygenated blood from rv to lungs
What is the aorta?
vessel carrying oxygenated blood from lv to body
What are the venae cavae?
vessels carrying deoxygenated blood into right atrium
What are pulmonary veins?
vessels carrying oxygenated blood into left atrium
What is the fossa ovalis?
adult remnant of the foramen ovale
What did the fetal foramen ovale allow?
blood passes from right atrium to left atrium, bypassing the lungs
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
adult remnant of the ductus arteriosus
What did the ductus arteriosus do in the fetus?
connected pulmonary trunk to aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs
What do coronary arteries supply?
oxygenated blood to heart muscle
What do cardiac veins do?
drain deoxygenated blood from heart muscle
Where do cardiac veins drain?
into right atrium
What is the normal pressure range in the human LV?
0-120 mm hg
What happens during ventricular filling?
av valves open, semilunar valves closed
What happens during ventricular ejection?
av valves close, semilunar valves open
What can cause papillary muscle rupture?
myocardial infarction/heart attack