Phamacology 1 Flashcards

Antibiotic

Medication to fight bacterial infections; treats life-threatening bacterial infections (e.g., Cefdinir - mild to moderate oral antibiotic).

Antiviral

Prescription to treat, manage, or prevent specific viral infections by interfering with reproduction (e.g., Entecavir - treats chronic hepatitis B).

Antifungal

Used to treat fungal infections and invasive infections in vulnerable patients (e.g., Nystatin - for superficial mouth or skin yeast infections).

Analgesic

Medication that relieves acute and chronic pain (e.g., Ibuprofen).

Antipyretic

Substance or medication that reduces fever by resetting the body's temperature set point (e.g., Aspirin - salicylate/NSAID).

Anti-inflammatory

Substance or medication that reduces inflammation and controls excessive immune responses (e.g., Corticosteroids).

Anticoagulant

Medication that slows the body's process of making blood clots (e.g., Heparins).

Antiplatelet

Medication that prevents blood cells from sticking together to avoid dangerous blood clots (e.g., Tirofiban).

Antihypertensive

Medication that lowers blood pressure to reduce risk of heart attack, stroke, or kidney problems (e.g., ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril, Enalapril, Ramipril).

Insulin

Peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas that regulates blood sugar (e.g., Insulin Aspart / NovoLog).

Sedative

Prescription medication that slows down the nervous system to induce relaxation, reduce anxiety, or promote sleep (e.g., Zaleplon).

Anesthetic

Medication to induce temporary loss of sensation during surgery or medical procedures (e.g., Intravenous Ketamine).

Vaccine

Medical product that trains the immune system to fight a disease and prevent severe morbidity (e.g., Tetanus, COVID-19).

Immunotherapy

  Cancer treatment helping the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells for long-lasting control (e.g., Nivolumab / Keytruda).

Chemotherapy

  Drug treatment using powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cancer cells and control spread (e.g., Docetaxel).

Radiation Therapy

Cancer treatment using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cell DNA, stopping spread (e.g., External Beam Radiation Therapy - EBRT).

Transfusion

Transfer of blood to restore oxygen capacity, replace blood volume, or correct clotting deficiencies (e.g., Fresh Frozen Plasma - FFP).

Dialysis

Life-sustaining treatment cleaning blood and removing extra fluid when kidneys fail (e.g., Hemodialysis).

Intubation

Medical procedure inserting a plastic breathing tube through the mouth or nose to deliver oxygen (e.g., Endotracheal Intubation).

Ventilation

Life-support procedure using a ventilator to help a person who cannot breathe independently (e.g., Non-invasive Ventilation - NIV).

Resuscitation

Emergency life-saving procedure to restart the heart or breathing (e.g., CPR, mouth-to-mouth).

Rehabilitation

Process of restoring someone to good condition through therapy, retraining, or rebuilding (e.g., Physical and Vocational therapy).

Prophylaxis

  Any medical treatment or action taken to prevent disease or stop it from worsening (e.g., Vaccines, PrEP).

Palliative Care

Specialized medical care reducing severity of disease symptoms and managing pain.

Schedule I

Illegal substances having high abuse potential and no accepted medical use.

Schedule II

Substances with high potential for abuse and severe physical or psychological dependence, but with accepted medical uses.

Schedule III

Substances with moderate to low potential for dependence and accepted medical use.

Schedule IV

Prescribed substances with low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence.

Schedule V

Controlled substances with the lowest abuse potential.

PO (Per Os)

By mouth. Most common and convenient route, though absorption is slower.

IV (Intravenous)

Delivered directly into a vein; provides the fastest onset of action.

IM (Intramuscular)

Injection into a large muscle (e.g., deltoid or vastus lateralis) for rapid systemic absorption.

SubQ (Subcutaneous)

Injection into the fatty tissue layer just below the skin (e.g., for Insulin or Heparin)

Lisinopril 

ACE inhibitor / antihypertensive (Brand names: Prinivil, Zestril, Qbrelis). Lowers BP and reduces cardiac workload by blocking conversion of angiotensin I to II. Common side effect: persistent dry cough.

Adderall

Schedule II CNS stimulant (Amphetamine / Dextroamphetamine salt) used for ADHD and narcolepsy. Increases dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Interact with acidic foods/citrus.

Eliquis (Apixaban)

Factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant used to prevent/treat dangerous blood clots. Major adverse effect: severe, life-threatening bleeding. Avoid grapefruit and