Feudalism & Manorialism

feudalism

political relationship

manorialism

economic relatioship

fief

small piece of land granted to someone for their services

landlord

noble who owned the land

vassal

person who pledges loyalty to a landlord

vassal

receiver of the landlord’s land

knights

european warriors who defended vassals & landlords

code of chivalry

system of virtues a knight must posses

bravery, dignity, respect, justice, willingness to help

virtues in the code of chivalry

manor

huge estate owned by a landlord

serf

farmer in the manorial system

serf

they live inside a landlord’s manor in exchange for their services

pope

most powerful spiritual leader

monasticism

renunciation of wordly pleasures to serve god

when st. benedict built a monastery in italy

when did monasticism start in europe?

papal states

territories under the direct rule of the pope

central italy

where were papal states formed?

canon law

church laws which served as a guide to human behavior

excommunication

this is the punishment received when you disobey the canon law

excommunication

when a person is excluded from the church and denied the chance for salvation

interdict

a person who sinned against the church

not allowed to receive any sacrament or take part in any religious ceremony

what happens to people who become interdicts

inquisition

ecclesiastical court which tried and punished people who were believed or proven to have committed heresy

heresy

an act aginst the church and its teachings

seljuk turks

group of muslims that invaded and directly controlled jerusalem

alexius comnenus

wrote a letter to pope urban II and summoned the church to send military

first crusade

which crusade was successful?

second & third crusade

which crusades failed?

pope urban II

called for the first crusade

pope eugeneous

called for the second crusade

king louis VII & emperor comrad III

led the second crusade

king’s crusade

other name for the third crusade

emperor frederick barbarosa, king philip augustus, & king richard I

led the third crusade

emperor frederick barbarosa

one of the third crusade leaders that died

king philip augustus

one of the third crusade leaders that retreated

king richard I

one of the third crusade leaders that made an agreement with saladin

saladin

enemy in third crusade

children’s crusade

crusade where thousands of children died

three-field system

a system where a land is divided into three parts

plow and collar harness

these were invented when agriculture flourished

2 parts used for planting, 1 part left untouched

the three parts of a three-field system

guilds

group of european traders and investors who made and sold similar goods

to secure the interest of its members and products

objectives of guilds

regulation of prices, limitations on foreign trade, & preservation of the quality of products

accomplishments of guilds

fair

meeting place for traders and investors

fair

a place where products were introduced and sold

university

group of scholars who gathered to share their knowledge

university of bologna

university that focused on law and medicine

university of paris

university that focused on liberal arts and theology

scholasticism

the application of aristotle’s philosophy in answering quesitons related to theology

peter abelard & thomas aquinas

leading scholastics during the middle ages

beowulf

story of an anglo-saxon warrior who slayed a monster named grendel

song of roland

french epic about the valor of charlemagne’s knights that defended christianity

divine comedy

epic poem about the journey from hell to heaven

dante alighieri

wrote divine comedy

canterbury tales

collection of stories about a group of pilgrims on their way to canterbury shrine in england

geoffrey chaucer

english poet that wrote canterbury tales