Scientific Measurement

Measurement

A quantitative comparison of an object’s physical properties, involving a number and a unit.

Unit

the magnitude of a that may vary as a

nonstandard unit or Is definite as a

standard unit.

Nonstandard Units of Measurement

An ancient system of measurement based on human body parts to solve practical problems (e.g., dangkal, dipa, salop).

English System

A system of weights and measures that was once the de facto standard throughout much of the world.

International System (SI)

An acronym for Système international d’unités (International System of Units) created in the 1960s, based on the metric or decimal system.

Base Units

The fundamental units of measurement from which other units can be derived (e.g., meter, kilogram, second).

Derived Units

A unit derived from two or more base units (e.g., area, force, pressure).

Conversion Factor

A mathematical statement of two equivalent measurements of different units that can be expressed in fraction form.

Temperature

The quantitative measure of the hotness or coldness of matter.

Celsius Scale

Introduced by Anders Celsius in the 1740s, used for measuring water's phase transitions.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit Scale proposed by _______ (1686–1736), where 0°F does not imply the absence of heat.

Kelvin Scale

Proposed by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), used for thermodynamic temperature measurements.

Rankine Scale

Developed by William John Macquorn Rankine, often used in engineering applications.

Accuracy

A qualitative term determining how close a test result is to a true or accepted value.

Precision

The consistency or repeatability of a measurement when repeated multiple times.

Mean (X)

Also known as average, calculated by dividing the summation of all data by the number of data points.

Error

The absolute value of the difference between the theoretical value and the experimental value.