HIS Chap 4 Fundamentals of Information Systems

What do you call an arrangement of data, processes, people, and IT that interact to collect, process, store, and provide information to support an organization?

Correct answer: Information System (IS)

What refers to any system that captures, stores, manages, or transmits information related to the health of individuals or organizations in the health sector?

Correct answer: Health Information System

What contemporary term describes the combination of computer technology with data and telecommunications technology?

Correct answer: Information Technology (IT)

Which component of IT refers to the physical devices and equipment used in computer systems?

Correct answer: Hardware

What collective term refers to computer programs, which are sets of instructions given to hardware?

Correct answer: Software

What category of software manages the hardware and provides a platform for applications?

Correct answer: System software

What category of software refers to programs designed to perform end-user tasks such as word processing and spreadsheets?

Correct answer: Application software

What component of IT refers to collections of interrelated data that are shared by many units and contribute to productivity and efficiency?

Correct answer: Database

What refers to raw facts that serve as the building blocks of information?

Correct answer: Data

What is produced by processing data and requires applying knowledge to reveal meaning?

Correct answer: Information

What defines relationships among data, giving meaning and context to information?

Correct answer: Knowledge

What is a collection of data and its associated model called?

Correct answer: Database

What is a collection of rules that can be thought of as a database containing elements of knowledge or the underlying set of facts, assumptions, and rules which a computer system has available to solve a problem?

Correct answer: Knowledge base

What is the set of concepts understood in a knowledge base and how these concepts are arranged meaningfully?

Correct answer: Ontology

What specifies how a knowledge base can be applied to a database, forming logical reasoning and tools used to derive a valid conclusion from a set of premises, ensuring that if the premises are true, the conclusion is also true?

Correct answer: Rules of inference

Which component of IT refers to individuals who analyze information needs, design and construct systems, write programs, operate hardware, and maintain software?

Correct answer: People

Which component of IT consists of rules for achieving optimal and secure operations in data processing, including software application priorities and security measures?

Correct answer: Procedures

Which component of IT refers to communication over distance, primarily involving bits that represent data and information?

Correct answer: Telecommunications

What do you call the combination of devices connected through communication media such as cables or radio waves?

Correct answer: Networks

Which type of network covers a small geographic area, usually within a single building or campus?

Correct answer: LAN (Local Area Network)

Which type of network spans a large geographic area and connects multiple smaller networks?

Correct answer: WAN (Wide Area Network)

Which type of network covers a city or metropolitan area and is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN?

Correct answer: MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Which type of network connects devices within a very limited area, often within a few meters, such as Bluetooth connections?

Correct answer: PAN (Personal Area Network)

Which type of information system processes business transactions, controls industrial processes, supports enterprise communication, and updates corporate databases efficiently?

Correct answer: Operations Support Systems

Which type of information system provides information and support for decision-making by all types of managers?

Correct answer: Management Support Systems

Which type of information system can support either operations or management applications, depending on its purpose?

Correct answer: Specialized Processing Systems

Which systems development phase involves determining how to address business opportunities and priorities, including conducting a feasibility study?

Correct answer: Systems Investigation

Which systems development phase analyzes the information needs of employees, customers, and other stakeholders to develop functional requirements?

Correct answer: Systems Analysis

Which systems development phase produces specifications for hardware, software, people, networks, and data resources to meet functional requirements?

Correct answer: Systems Design

Which systems development phase includes acquiring or developing hardware and software, testing the system, training users, and converting the business system?

Correct answer: Systems Implementation

Which systems development phase uses a postimplementation review to monitor, evaluate, and modify the business system as needed?

Correct answer: Systems Maintenance

Which SDLC phase involves reviewing project requests, prioritizing them, allocating resources, and identifying the project development team?

Correct answer: Planning

Which SDLC phase includes conducting a preliminary investigation, studying the current system, determining user requirements, and recommending a solution?

Correct answer: Analysis

Which SDLC phase focuses on acquiring hardware and software as needed and developing the detailed aspects of the system into technical solutions?

Correct answer: Design

Which SDLC phase consists of developing programs if required, installing and testing the system, training users, and converting operations?

Correct answer: Implementation

Which SDLC phase includes post-implementation reviews, identifying errors and enhancements, and monitoring overall system performance?

Correct answer: Support

Database where data is organized in a tree structure wt. It is suitable for representing simple, one-to-many hierarchies like organizational charts or file systems?

Hierarchical Database

What model allows records to have multiple parents and children, forming a flexible graph structure for many-to-many and It is used for complex data connections such as supply chains or telecommunication networks

Network Model

What model stores Data in tables with rows and columns, and relationships are created through keys instead of pointers? This model is also widely used for its flexibility and support for powerful querying using SQL

Relational Model

What model stores data as "objects," which are like real things that have both information (attributes) and actions they can do (methods) making it easier to manage complex data and relationships, like in games or design programs where objects can share features and behaviors?

Object-Oriented Model