Universe and the Solar System

universe

Totality of all space and time.

jovian

Outer planets

mercury

Nearest planet to the sun

Kant and Laplace

Nebular theory

nebula

Is a cloud of gases or dust in space

stars

Heavenly bodies with so much heat pressure inside

constellation

Is an apparent arrangement of stars named after ancient beings.

galaxy

Big assembly of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity.

Earth

Our habitat

asteroid

Minor planet

Lithosphere

composed of both the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves as a brittle, rigid solid.

Asthenosphere

solid upper mantle material that is so hot that it behaves plastically and can flow.

Transition Zone

rocks do not melt or disintegrate.

Lower Mantle

is hotter and denser than the upper mantle and transition zone.

Gutenberg discontinuity

the core-mantle boundary, or CMB, marks the end of the mantle and the beginning of Earth’s liquid outer core.

CORE

mostly made of iron and nickel.

Outer Core

is mostly composed of liquid iron and nickel.

Bullen discontinuity

hottest part of the core where temperatures reach 6,000° Celsius—as hot as the surface of the sun.

Inner Core

a hot, dense ball of (mostly) iron.