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Woodrow Wilson
Second Democratic president post-1861, admired Confederate independence attempt
Self-determination
Wilson's ideal inspired by Confederate independence attempt
Faith in masses
Wilson's belief in informed masses, influenced by Jeffersonian democracy
Political sermons
Wilson's inspirational speeches influenced by his Presbyterian minister-father
Showmanship
Wilson lacked this quality, contrasting with Roosevelt
Underwood Tariff
Tariff tackled by Wilson in 1913, leading to major reductions
Sixteenth Amendment
Enabled Congress to enact a graduated income tax starting at $3,000 income
Federal Reserve Act
Enacted in 1913, established a decentralized banking system
Louis D. Brandeis
Supported banking reform, author of 'Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It'
Federal Reserve Board
Appointed by President, oversaw twelve regional reserve districts
Federal Reserve Notes
Issued by the Federal Reserve Board, backed by commercial paper
Federal Trade Commission Act
Established a commission to research industries in interstate commerce
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Expanded list of objectionable practices, exempted labor organizations
Holding Companies
Used to achieve price discrimination and interlocking directorates
Samuel Gompers
Union leader who praised the Clayton Anti-Trust Act as the Magna Carta of labor
Federal Farm Loan Act
Provided credit to farmers at low interest rates, a Populist demand
Warehouse Act
Authorized loans on staple crops, another Populist idea
La Follette Seaman's Act
Ensured decent treatment and living wage on American merchant ships
Adamson Act
Established an eight-hour workday for interstate commerce train employees
Louis D. Brandeis
First Jew nominated to the Supreme Court by Wilson
Child labor law
Wilson signed a law restricting child labor in products for interstate commerce
Limitations of progressivism
Wilson's progressive actions did not extend to better treatment for blacks
Note
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