Facial bones and Sinuses Test

How many bones make up the facial skeleton?

14 bones

How many of the 14 facial bones are unpaired?

2 bones are unpaired(vomer and mandible)

What is the largest immovable bones of the face?

R and L maxillary bones

The maxillae are the most important bones of the upper face (T/F)

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Each maxilla assists in the formation of three cavities which ones?

The mouth, the nasal cavity and one orbit

What does the maxillae consist of?

Body and four processes that project from the body; three are seen from lateral and one is part of the hard palate

What are the processes of the maxillae?

Frontal, zygomatic, palatine, and alveolar processes.

What are the locations of the maxillae processes?

The frontal process projections upward along the lateral border of the nose toward the frontal bone, the zygomatic process projects laterally to unite with the zygoma, the alveolar process is below the body of each maxillae

What is the palatine process?

The fourth process of the maxillae, two palatine processes form the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth (hard palate) forms a immovable joint.

Whats a common congenital defect between the palatine processes?

Cleft palate

What does the maxillae articulate with?

Two cranial bones(frontal and ethmoid), and seven facial bones(zygoma, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, inferior nasal concha, vomer and adjacent maxilla)

Where are the zygomatic bones located?

Lateral to the zygomatic process to each maxilla, form the prominence of the cheeks and make the lower outer portion of the orbits

What is the zygomatic arch?

Slender process projecting posteriorly that connects with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

What does the zygoma articulate with?

Three cranial bones(frontal, sphenoid and temporal) and with one facial bone(maxilla)

What are the lacrimal bones?

Two small and delicate bones(size of a fingernail) lie anteriorly on the medial side of each orbit just posterior to the frontal processesW

What does lacrimal also mean?

“Tear”

What are the nasal bones?

Two fused bones that form the bridge of the nose

What is the location of the nasal bones?

They lie anterior and superomedial to the frontal process of the maxillae and inferior to the frontal bone

What does the lacrimal bone articulate with?

Two cranial bones(frontal and ethmoid) and two facial bones(maxilla and inferior nasal concha)

What does the nasal bone articulate with?

Two cranial bone(Frontal and ethmoid) and two facial bones( maxilla and adjacent nasal bone)

What is the inferior nasal conchae?

Within the nasal cavity are two platelike, curved(scroll shaped)

What is the location of the inferior nasal conchae?

They project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity on each side and extend medially

What do the different nasal conchae do?

These irregular compartments tend to break up or mix the flow of air coming into the nasal cavities before it reaches the lungs, Incoming air is warmed and cleaned

What are the palatine bones?

Roughly L shape, Vertical portion of the L extends upward between one maxilla and one pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. The horizontal portion of each L helps to make up the posterior portion of the hard palate

What does the inferior nasal conchae articulate with?

One cranial bone(ethmoid) and with three facial bones(maxilla, lacrimal and palatine)

What does the palatine bone articulate with?

One cranial bone(ethmoid) and four facial bones(maxilla, inferior nasal conchae, vomer and adjacent palatine)

What makes up the bony nasal septum?

Two bones-the ethmoid and the vomer-form the bony nasal septum. Specifically, the septum is formed superiorly by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

What is the vomer?

Meaning “plowshare”, thin, triangular bone that forms the inferoposterior part of the nasal septum.

What are the surfaces of the vomer marked by?

marked by small, furrow-like depressions for blood vessels,

What is a deviated nasal septum?

the clinical condition wherein the nasal septum is deflected or displaced laterally from the midline of the nose.

Where does the deviated nasal septum occur?

This deviation usually occurs at the site of junction between the septal cartilage and the vomer.

What is the largest facial bone?

Mandible

The mandible is the only movable bone in the body (T/F)?

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When is the mandible formed and how?

It is formed by two separate bones that join in an infant about the age of 1

What is the gonion?

Also know as the angle, part of the mandible that divides each half of the mandible into two main parts.

What is the body and ramus of the mandible?

The body is the area anterior to the angle

The ramus is the area superior to the angle

What is the area called that houses the lower teeth in the mandible?

Alveolar process

Where does the mandible unite and where?

It united at the body and is called the symphysis of the mandible or symphysis of menti

What is the mental protuberance?

The flat triangular area below the symphysis, marked by two knoblike protuberances that project forward

What is the mental point?

Center of the mental protuberance

What does mental and mentum mean?

Both refer to the chin, mental usually is at the specific point of the chin while mentum is the entire area

What are the mental foramen?

Located on each half of the body of the mandible, foramen that serve as passageways for the mental artery and vein and mental nerve

What is the upper portion of each ramus that terminates in a U-shaped notch?

Mandibular notch

What is the coranoid process of the mandible?

process at the anterior end of the mandibu-lar notch

Purpose of the coranoid process?

does not articulate with another bone and cannot be palpated easily because it lies just inferior to the zygomatic arch and serves as a site for muscle attachment.

What is the posterior process of the upper ramus?

Condyloid process

What are the parts of the codyloid and its purpose?

The round end is the condyle or head

The constricted area below it is the neck

The condyle of the condyloid process fits into the TM fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ.

Which projection best shows the mandible?

The smv projection

What type of joint is the TMJ?

It is the only movable joint in the skull, Bicondylar

Where is the TMJ located in comparison to the EAM?

Just anterior and slightly superior to the EAM

How is the movement of the TMJ?

When the mouth is opened widely, the condyle moves forward to the front edge of the fossa. If the condyle slips too far anteriorly, the joint may dis-locate.

What is the posterior portion of the orbit called?

Apex

What does the apex correspond with?

It corresponds with the optic foremen which the optic nerve passes through

How would the orbits project in a upright position or lateral position with the OML parallel to the floor?

each orbit would project superiorly at an angle of 30 degrees and toward the MSP at an angle of 37 degrees

How many bones make up the orbits?

7 bones

What bones is the circumference of the base of each orbit made of?

3 bones

Frontal bone(orbital plate) - Roof

Zygoma - lateral wall

Maxilla - Floor

What is the lacrimal bone?

Small bone that forms a small portion of the medial wall of the orbit

What bones make up the posterior orbit?

The sphenoid and ethmoid bones make up most of the posterior orbit, whereas only a small bit of the palatine bone contributes to the innermost posterior portion of the floor of each orbit.

What bones make up the orbits?

7 bones - Zygoma, Frontal, Maxilla, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Palatine and Lacrimal bone

What’s in the posterior portion of each orbit?

Three holes or openings that provide for passage. specific cranial nerves(CN)

What is the optic foramen and which CN passes through it?

small hole in the sphenoid bone that is located posteriorly at the apex of the cone-shaped orbit

Optic nerve(CN II)

What’s the superior orbital fissure and which cranial nerves pass through it?

cleft or opening between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, allows transmission of four primary cranial nerves (CN IIl to CN Vl),

What is the inferior orbital fissure and which cranial nerve passes through it?

CN which permits entry of sensory innervation for the cheek, nose, upper lip, and teeth.

What is the small root of bone that separates the superior orbital fissure from the optic canal

Sphenoid Strut

What is a fracture of the floor of the orbit caused facial bones and sinuses, by an object striking the eyes straight on

Blowout Fracture

Which fracture is caused by a blow to the cheek leaving the zygoma in three places, resulting in a “floating zygomatic bone”

Tripod fracture

Which fracture is a severe bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae that may result in an unstable detached fragment.

Le fort

What is a fracture to one side of a structure that is caused by an impact on the opposite side.

Contrecoup fracture

What is an infection to the sinus mucosa?

Sinusitis

What are the four para nasal sinuses?

Maxillary (2)

Frontal(usually 2)

Ethmoid(many)

Sphenoid (1-2)

Which sinus develops fully at birth?

Maxillary

Which sinuses can be seen radiographically by the age of 6 or 7?

Frontal and sphenoid

Which sinus develops last?

Ethmoid

Where is the maxillary sinus located?

Body of the maxilla

What’s the shape of the maxillary sinus and size?

Shaped like a pyramid on the frontal view and more cubic laterally

1-1 ½ in and 1 in

The floor of each maxillary sinus is slightly below the level of the floor of each nasal fossa. and are symmetric (T/F)

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