Organic structures

AlkAnes

Hydrocarbon that contains ONLY C-C and C-H (single bond) (sp3 hybridezed)

AlkEnes

Hydrocarbon that has a C- -C (double bond) (sp2 hybridized)

AlkYnes

hydrocarbon that has a C- - -C (triple bond) (sp hybridized)

CYCLOalkanes

Hydrocarbons that contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure, with single bonds between them.

Aromatics

hydrocarbon that contains benzene ring , alternating single & double bonds)

What is C1

Methane (CH4)

What is C 2

Ethane (C2 H6)

What is C 3

Propane (CH3 CH2 CH3)

What is C 4

Butane (CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3)

what is 5 C

Pentane (C5 H12)

What is 6 C

Hexane (C₆H₁₄)

What is 7 C

heptane (C₇H₁₆)

What is 8 C

  octane (C₈H₁₈)

What is 9 C

  Nonane (C₉H₂₀)

What is 10 C

decane (C₁₀H₂₂)

Name ?

cyclopropAne

Name ?

propYne

Name ?

CyclohexEne

Define functional groups

• introduce polarity into molecule (due to electronegativity diff of b/w atoms.

• chemically reactive

What does primary mean in terms of carbon

carbon atom attached to 1 other carbon

What does secondary mean in terms of carbon

carbon atom is attached to 2 other carbons

What does tertiary mean in terms of carbon

Carbon atom is attached to 3 other carbons

Alkanes and cycloalkanes naming rules

1. Name largest c chain or ring

2. Name substituents on chain with yl suffix

3. Number chain that gives lowest number to first alphabetical substituent

4. #-substituent the number says where the substituent is on the chain

5. If substitutes appears more than once use di, tri, tetra prefix

Name?

primary alcahol

( OH with single bond connected to sp3 hybridized C)

Name?

Secondary Alcahol

( OH with single bond connected to sp3 hybridized C)

Name?

Tertiary Alcahol

( OH with single bond connected to sp3 hybridized C)

Name?

primary alkyl halide

(halogen attached to sp3 hybridized c atom

Name?

Secondary alkyl halide

(halogen attached to sp3 hybridized c atom)

Name?

Tertiary Alkyl halide

(halogen attached to sp3 hybridized c atom)

Name?

Primary Amine

(N connected to 1 sp3 C)

Name?

Secondary Amine

(N connected to 2 sp3 C)

Name?

Tertiary Amine

(N connected to 3 sp3 C)

Name?

Aldehyde

(Carbonyll group connected to H and C

Name?

Carboxylic acid

(carbonyl group coonected to OH )

Name?

Ketone

(Carbonyl group connected to 2 C)

Name?

Acid chloride/ bromide/ Iodide/ fluoride

(carbonyl group connected to a halogen)

Name?

Ester

(carbonyl group connected to connected to O connected to a R)

Name?

acid anhydride

(contains 2 carbonyl groups connected by an O)

Name?

Primary amide

(contains carbonyl group and N is connected to 1 C

Name?

Secondary amide

(carbonyl group connected to N that is connected to 2 C)

Name?

Tertiary amide

(carbonyl group connected to N that is connected to 3 C)

Name?

Ether

( O connected to 2 sp3 hybridized C)

Name?

Nitrile

(C tripple bonded to N)

Name?

Epoxide

(3 ring with one O and 2 C)

Name?

Aromatic (benzene ring)

(6 Ring with alternating double and single bonds)

Name?

Thiol

(SH connected to sp3 hybridized C)

Name?

Nitro

Name?

carbonyl group within a functional group