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How was Attica originally ruled
By a king
What happened after Attica was ruled by a king
It was ruled by nine magistrates chosen from the aristocracy
Who tried to make himself tyrant in 632 but failed
Cylon
Who was the poet and archon that initiated legal, economic and social reforms and in what year
Solon in 594
Name of the people in one of the four classes who had an annual income of 500 measurements of grain, oil or wine
Pentacosiomedimnoi
Those who could afford a horse
Hippeis
Those who could afford their own armour
Zeugitai
The lowest, but biggest class
Thetes
What three policies did Solon introduce
Abolished the practice of people falling into slavery, abolished the rule of paying one sixth of produce to a landowner, cancelled all existing debts
Did Solons reforms last
No
Who wrote about Peisistratus' rise to power
Aristotle
Did Aristotle like Peistratus and if so why
Yes because they were both aristocrats so Aristotle favoured him
Who was Attica at war with when Peisistratus won great fame
Megara
How long was Peisistratus' first ruls
5 years
How did peistratus rule in his first term
More like a private citizen than a tyrant
How did Megacles help restore Peisistratus the second time
The "Athene trick" with a very tall woman representing the godess Athena in a chariot with him to make it look like she was restoring Peisistratus as leader
Why did Megacles restore peistratus
Because he wanted him to have a child with his daughter so that his grandson would be ruler as well
Who was Peisistratus ousted by the first time
Megacles (an alcmaeonid) Lycurgus
Why did Peisistratus leave for the second time and after how long of ruling was it
6 years and it was because he didn't have proper sex with Megacles' daughter so he had offended Megacles
After how long did peistratus return again
10 years
How did peistratus return the third time
Defeated the Athenians at Pallene with the support of Thebes and Lygdamis of Naxos
What did Peisistratus do to Lygdamis as a reward for helping him
Made him tyrant of Naxos
How did Peisistratus disarm the athenians
He held an armed parade, when he asked people to climb over a gate or wall (something like that) he had people waiting to take the weapons away when they left them behind
What year was his third term of power started in
546
When did Peisistratus die
527
How did the Peisitratids ensure that they always held some power
They appointed family members or friends as high ranking political people
Which son of Peisistratus became the next tyrant
Hippias
Which son of Peisistratus was assassinated and what year was it in and who assassinated him
Hipparchus, assassinated in 514 by Harmodios and Aristogeiton
Who tells the most detailed account of the assassination of Peisistratus' son
Thucydides
What differed in Thucydides account of the murder of Hipparchus to Herodotus and Aristotles' accounts
Thucydides says that Hippias was tyrant not Hipparchus and that the assassination was not an attempt to overthrow the tyranny, but instead a love triangle. Harmodios and Aristogeiton were lovers, Hippiarchus tried to seduce Harmodios on multiple occasions, Harmodios refused and told Aristogeiton. Hipparchus was angry at Harmodios, and decided to humiliate his little sister which angered Harmodios and Aristogeiton so they stabbed him to death at a festival.
Which of the lovers died on the sport after killing Hipparchus
Harmodios
Who overthrew Hippias and his tyranny and when
Alcmeonids in 510 with help from Sparta
Why did Alcmaeonis wants to overthrow Hippias
They had been exiled by the Peisistrarids and wanted revenge
Which Spartan king helped the Alcmaeonids and why
Cleomenes, the priestess at Delphi was bribed by the Alcmaeonids to instruct the Spartans to liberate the Athenians
How does Herodotus say Polycrates took power
he explains the story of two persian satraps talking about how he took power with 15 hoplites
How does Thucydides say Polycrates took power
He was a tyrant with a strong navy, doesn't specifically say how he took power
Which places does Samos subdue according to Herodotus
Many towns and Islands in the mainland, captured and plundered Lesbos and made people dig a ring around Samos
Which places does Samos capture according to Thucydides
Subdues islands in Ionia, including Rhenea
Name the three engineering achievements of Polycrates
The Eupalinian aqueduct, the harbour of Samos and the temple of Hera
Who did Polycrates send to Cambyses and why
The Psartans waged war on him, he sent the Samians as they were most likely to revolt so it was good to get rid of them
What two reasons did Herodotus give for the Samians not reaching Egypt
They stopped at Carpathus, or they tried to attack Samos but failed and turned to Sparta for help
What did Polycrates do to stop the other Samians from turning traitor
He held their wives and kids hostage and threatened to burn down the building they were kept in
What reason did the Samians give for why the Spartans should help them but what do the Spartans say their reason to help is
The Samians sent a fleet to them during their fight against the messenians so they are returning a favour. Spartans say Polycrates has a bowl and breastplate that the Samians stole
What question did Procles ask his grandchildren and why
Who killed your mother because he wanted them to be mad at Periander
Explain what happens after Lycophron hears his father killed his mother
He refuses to speak to Periander (his father), he got banished. Periander said anyone who spoke to Lycophron would owe Apollo a fine, when he found Lycophron four days Later, lycophron told Periander he owed Apollo a fine, Periander sent him away again and attacked Procles. He wanted to give his tyranny to Lycophron because his eldest son was not bright but lycophron refused so he killed him
What does the story about Lycophron show about Periander
That he is evil as he killed manu family members, maybe a bit crazy. Also only wants what will be good for him and his legacy
Explain the Spartan attack on Samos
The huge Spartan army marched to the wall of Samos, Polycrates launched a violent counter attack which drove out the Spartans who were then held back by the mercenaries and lots of Samians
Where did the Samians sail to for money
Siphnos
What did the Samians ask the siphnians for and what was their response
10 talents, they refused
How much money did the Samians get and how
100 talents from defeating them in a fight
Who forced the Samians out of Crete
Aeginetans who came with the Cretans and defeated them in a naval battle
Similarities with what happened to Samians and Siphnians
Cycle of revenge. Wealth and power doesn't last.
Who wanted to kill Polycrates and why
Oreotes, got into a fight with a guy who told him he was useless and wasn't a real man because he couldn't conquer Samos even though it was easy to conquer, Oreotes wanted to prove him wrong
Where was the idea of being a real man seen before with herodotus
Atossa talking to darius
How did Polycrates disrespect Oreotes
Didn't turn around to greet his messenger
How did Oreotes trick Maeandius
Filled his chests with stones and left gold on top
What happened to Polycrates when he visited Oreotes
He was murdered
What happened after Polycrates was murdered
He was crucified
What did Maeandrius strongly dislike
Tyranny
Who is Maeandrius' brother and what does he do after Maeandrius falls ill
Lycaretus - Kills all the high ranking political people being kept as prisoners so that he can take power easily
Who takes power while Maeandrius is ill and how
Syloson, he had Persian backing
What happened to Maeandrius after he lost power
He left the island as part of a truce
peisistratus economic reforms
taxed 1/5
often lent people money and was kind to them
story of the man mining the rock
redistributed land
peisistratus social/cultural reforms
he was often encouraging of religious ceremonies and decorating the city
large scale building projects such as the temple to athena
invited famous poets to athens
peisistratus legal reforms
introduced travelling judges and often accompanied them to settle disputes
what were the archons
nine magistrates held power for 10 years and supervised all affairs
chief archon in charge of miltary
top two classes allowed
the boule
council made of 400 male citizens
thetes not eligible
the ecclesia
assembly of citizens who completed two years of service, all classes allowed but had little power
results of peisistratus’ reforms
arts flourished
consolidation of peisisitratid power
increased cultural profile of athens
more people able to hold archonship
was there change between solon and peisistratus
he maintained solons reforms mainly
why is the spartan overthrow of athens plausible
hippias had expelled the alcmaeonids
alcmaeonids could gain power
the oracle was the most famous in the ancient world
why is the spartan overthrow of athens not plausible
herodotus’ sources are oral and are 60-80 years after event
he was keen on the influence of gods
why is aristotle unreliable
he writed over 100 years after peisistratus ruled
he was an aristocrat so didn’t like tyranny or democracy
slightly liked peisistratus as he was also an aristocrat
includes some anecdoty bits
why was herodotus unreliable
60 years after democracy established
writes down what he hears and often says he himself doesn’t believe it
believes in oracles and religion
born wealthy
why is thucydides unreliable
100 years after events
just about within living memory though
biased against democracy as he was exiled by it
hippias’ reforms
promoted artistic projects
made trade with attica easier by minting new coins
how is peisistratus supported at pallenis according to aristotle
1000 argives helped him
thebans
lygdamis of naxos
oligarchy ruling eretria
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