Ch. 3 Vocab #1

Tissues

groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

Apical surface

the free, unattched surface or edge of a membranes that’s exposed to the body’s exterior or to the cavity of an internal organ

Epithelium

the lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body

Basement membrane

a structureless material secreted by both the epithelial cells and the connective tissue cells that abut the epithelium (what the lower surface of an epithelium rests on)

Simple epithelium

one layer of cells

Stratified epithelium

more than one cell layer

Squamous epithelium

a single layer of thin squamous cells resting on a basement membrane (in the air sacs of the lungs, diffusion for gases)

Serous membrane/serosa

the slick membranes that line the ventral body cavity and cover the organs in that cavity (simple squamous epithelium forms this)

Simple cuboidal epithelium

one layer of cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane (common in glands and ducts, forms the walls of the kidney tubules and covers the surface of the ovaries)

Simple columnar epithelium

made up of a single layer of tall cells that fit closely together (lines the entire length of the digestive tract from the stomach to the anus, lines body cavities open to the exterior; MUCOSAE)

Goblet cells

produce a lubricating mucus (often seen in simple columnar epithelium)

Mucosae/mucous membrane

Epithelial membranes that line the body cavities which open to the body exterior

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

rest on a basement membrane (lining the respiratory tract and parts of the male reproductive system, functions in absorption and secretion)

Stratified squamous epithelium

the most common stratified epithelium in the body, consists of several layers of cells (located in the esophagus and outer portion of the skin, protect underlying tissues from physical wear, abrasion, pathogens, and water loss)

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

typically has just two cell layers with the surface cells being cuboidal in shape (fairly rare and found in the ducts of large glands, provides protection to underlying tissues and assists with the secretion of substances)

Stratified columnar epithelium

columnar cells, but its basal cells vary in size and shape (fairly rare and found in the ducts of large glands, protection and secretion along select high-stress or mucous-membrane body surfaces)

Transitional epithelium

a highly modified, stratified squamous epithelium (Urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra, to stretch and act as a barrier to allow urinary organs to expand without leaking)

Gland

consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product (secretion)

Secretion

typically contains protein molecules in an aqueous fluid (also indicates an active process in which the glandular cells obtain needed materials from the blood and use them to make their secretion)

Endocrine glands

lose their connection to the surface (duct); this they are often called ductless glands (their secretions, all hormones, diffuse directly into the blood vessels that weave through the glands)

Exocrine glands

retain their ducts, and their secretions empty through the ducts to the epithelial surface (both internal and external)

Connective tissue

primarily involved in protecting, supporting, and binding together other body tissues, found everywhere in the body (the most abundant and widely distributed of the tissue types)

Extracellular matrix

what makes connective tissue so different from the other tissue types; produced by the connective tissue and then secreted to their exterior