Midterm OTAT 1300

Occupations are

*the everyday things that we do.
* essential to our identity.
* essential to healthy living.

Activity meaning

State of doing things that requires movement

Task

The basic units of action
Ex: mixing the batter is a task of cooking

Preparatory Activities

help get the client ready for purposeful activity (i.e. ROM, exercise, strengthening, or stretching)

Contrived activities

Made-up activities that may include some of the same skills required for the occupation.
Ex: work on tying a dolls shoes stimulate activity before person ties their own shoe

purposeful activity

An activity used in treatment that is goal directed; individual is an active voluntary participant; has both inherent and therapeutic goal

Types of Supervision

Direct or continuous- therapist is nearby and observing all the time
Close - direct, daily at work site
Routine- every 2 weeks
General- monthly

multidisciplinary team

Variety of disciples working together in a common setting

transdisciplinary team

members cross over professional boundaries & share roles & functions

interdisciplinary team

maintain their own professional roles while using a cooperative approach that is interactive and centered on a common problem to solve

Interprofessional team

various disciplines meet and plan the overall care of the client and maintain an awareness of the client's needs, responses, and goals

code of ethics

Provides direction to members of a profession for mandatory behavior, protects clients rights. Guidelines for making correct choices

Benefience

Contribute to the good health and welfare of client

Nonmaleficence

duty to do no harm

autonomy

Freedom to decide and freedom to act

Veracity

truthfulness

Fidelity

faithfulness; integrity

Ethics

guidelines for good behavior

Morals

Character and behavior from the point of right and wrong
Develop from background, values, religious beliefs and society

Law

Binding custom of practice of a community

informed consent

the knowledgeable, voluntary agreement, the client undergoes intervention

Service Competency

Two people performing the same procedure, with the same or equivalent procedures obtain the same or equal results.

AOTA

American Occupational Therapy Association

ADLs

Activities of Daily Living such as eating, dressing, bathing.

IADLs

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, which define a patient's functional independence,
ex: care of others, financial management, driving mobility, child rearing

moral treatment

the 19th century approach to treating the mentally ill with dignity in a caring environment

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

guarantees certain rights for people with disabilities called for priority services for those with the most severe disabilities

Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1975

act that established the right of all children to a free and appropriate education, regardless of handicapping condition

Technology Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988

addressed the availability of assistive technology devices and serves to individuals with disabilities

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

provides civil rights to all individuals with disabilities, guarantees equal access to and opportunity to employment, transportation, public accommodation,

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

A special education law that requires schools to educate students with disabilities in least restrictive environments to the greatest extent of their abilities using plans tailored to the individual needs of the students.

occupational therapy process

\-evaluation- ot interview, performance, client-centered approach & others involved

\-intervention

\-outcome- desired end result

holistic approach

an approach deeming that each individual should be seen as a whole person rather than series of parts

humanism

person is a person, not an object

altruism

unselfish concern for the welfare of others

justice

fairness; rightfulness

dignity

the uniqueness of each individual is emphasized, empathy and respect

prudence

ability to demonstrate sound judgement, care and discretion

adapting

provide changes to environment, tools
assistive technology
modify environment
eliminate add steps

grading

Changing the process, environment, tools or materials of the activity to increase or decrease the performance demands of the client.
in/decrease; repetitions, amount of resistance, movement required, assistance, time on task, muscle endurance, sitting vs standing

frame of reference does what

guides the intervention
what to do and how to evaluate and intervene

moves the client from dysfunction to function

A developmental frame of reference

age-appropriate activities

A biomechanical frame of reference

strengthening, range of motion

sensory intreation frame of reference

promote sensation; rubbing, fine motor control

neurodevelopmental treatment frame of reference

facilitating/ inhibiting working through motion
hand over, resistance to pick up something

cognitive-behavioral frame of reference

how do you feel about the task you did
self reflection

Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)

what Motivates them

model of practice

guides the evaluation!!!

human occupation

- best researched model
- person motivation, interests values and beliefs, daily patterns, performance capacity, environment

Canadian Model

spirituality, anything that motivates or inspires a person

temporal context

Experience of time as shaped by engagement in occupations

client centered

only client can determine their quality of life, which helps practitioners understand their experience

ACOTE

accreditation council for occupational therapy education

a national organization that regulates entry-level education for ots and otas

activity analysis

steps of activity and components are examined to determine demands of clients

active listening

receiver paraphrases speakers words to make sure they understand

restatement-exact words heard said back

reflection- express in the words in feelings behind what is said

clarification- summarized

therapeutic relationship

benefits client/ therapeutic use of self: art of relating

ideal self

perceived self

real self

individual would like to be

who others see without knowing limitations

blending of internal and external worlds with intention and action

principles of therapeutic use of self

develop trust, provide support, actively listen, and empathize

using genuineness, respect, self-disclosure, trust, and warmth

universal precautions

A set of guidelines designed to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases while providing healthcare services. It involves treating all bodily fluids as potentially infectious and using protective equipment like gloves, masks, and gowns to minimize the risk of exposure./ biohazard and sharps container

AOTA

American Occupational Therapy Association. It is a professional organization that represents occupational therapy practitioners

ota state licensure

renewed every 1 to 2 years/ completed ota program and passed nbcot/

national board for certification in ot (NBCOT)

4 HOUR test covering all areas of practice in evaluation and intervention then get state certification

therapeutic reasoning or clinical

used to make decisions in ot practice/

scientific- what can be done

ethical-what should be done

artistic- guides process and select right action

therapeutic process of reasoning

form preassessment

acquisition (gather data)

generate hypothesis- basis of action

interpretation- gathers more information/ if hypo worked

hypo evaluation- weighs evidence for and against hypo- best hypo for eval

procedural reasoning

focus on disease or dd/ determines what problems will be identified, goal setting, treatment planning

interactive reasoning

understand client as person

conditional reasoning

consider clients condition as a whole, what disease or dd means to person

narrative reasoning

tell stories to clients, story creating to guide intervention

pragmatic reasoning

how context factors might affect intervention

soap note

subjective-(info reported by client)

Objective-(measurable, observable data)

Assessment-(ot professional judgement)

Plan-(Plan of action)

tasks of infancy

reflexes, sensory solitary play, sleep wake cycles, fine motor,

tasks of early childhood (1-6) and late childhood(6-12)

regulate behavior, fantasy play, refine skills

student role, friends, independent self care, coordination

tasks of adolescence

develop identity, relationships outside family,

tasks of young adulthood and middle adulthood and late adulthood

establish career, self identity formed, manage home, balancing

midlife crisis, empty nest, civic and social responsibility, financial

decreasing strength and health, retirement, adjusting to decline in occupational performance, losses of peers