Biology Semester 1 Final

Population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Predator

A consumer in a biological community; An animal that preys on other animals

Predation

An interaction in which one organism kills another for food.

Parasites

An organism that lives in or on another organism, deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it

Limiting factors

Environmental factors that restrict population growth

abiotic factors

nonliving parts of an ecosystem

Abiotic factors examples

(1). air

(2). water

(3). sunlight

(4). soil

(5). temperature

(6). climate

biotic factors

living parts of an ecosystem

Biotic examples

plants, animals, fungi, bacteria

Producer (autotroph)

An organism that can make its own food.

Consumers (heterotrophs)

incapable of photosynthesis and must obtain their energy by consuming other organisms

decomposers/detritivores

An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms

Carry capacity

the maximum size of population the environment will support

Photosynthesis

process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars

cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O \------\> C6H12O6 + 6O2

cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6+6O2\---\> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP

anaerobic respiration

Respiration that does not require oxygen

Types of fermentation

alcohol and lactic acid

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

facilitated diffusion

the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

hypotonic solution

Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water

hypertonic solution

Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water

isotonic solution

a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell

facilitate transport (facilitated diffusion)

carry capacity

logistic growth

exponential growth

Phospholipids

prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cells

plant cell

cell wall

hypertonic solution

hypotonic solution

isotonic solution