SS VOCABULARY

taxes

money collected by government to fund day-to-day operations and social services

Powhatan

the dominant Indian tribe in the Chesapeake region during Jamestown

Powhatan

originally established good relations with settlers, but disagreements over land/crops led to open conflict

Dutch colonies

Established the trade port of New Amsterdam as a base for trade, becoming a huge trading hub

Dutch Colonies

established a profitable trade network with farmers along the Hudson River Valley

starving time

harsh winter for early settlers of Jamestown that caused many casualties, Powhatan tribe impacted this

reasons for establishment of georgia

place for imprisoned debtors could have a new start

reasons for founding of georgia

could serve as a buffer between the very profitable Carolinas and the Spanish threat

apprenticeship

labor system where a young person lived with and worked for a master craftsman in exchange for instruction in trade and support

agrarian

terms of describe and economy based on farming

treaty

official agreement between 2 or more countries

Spanish colonies

primarily motivated by profit of the mining and conversion to catholicism; converted to agrarian

chattel slavery

labor system where an enslaved person is held as property

Roger Williams

Puritan minister that disagreed with Puritan leadership regarding theocracy and the treatment of American Indians; banished from colony

Jamestown

chartered to make a profit by establishing trade with American Indians and convert to Christianity

Delegates/Delegation

Person(s) chosen/elected by a certain location to represent them in a decision-making body

inflation

Term used to describe the devaluation of a currency

inflation

causes public fear of losing value and a rise in prices of good and services

James Oglethorpe

Friend of king, member of Parliament, and military leader

James Oglethorpe

established georgia to be a buffer between Florida and carolinas; place for debtors

the great awakening

characterized by God-fearing sermons led by charismatic preachers that provoked an emotional response in audience

the great awakening

led to development and growth of different church denomination/religious tolerance

French colonies

Didn't establish a large population base, but focused on building a very profitable fur trade network

navigation acts

mandated goods imported from other countries to first pass through a Biriths port for inspection and taxation; required exported goods to be carried in British ships

act

twrm used to describe an official law passed and enacted by the government

house of burgesses

all male property holders could elect representatives to meet regularly to discuss, debate, and vote on local laws and taxes

assembly/congress

group of representatives forming a collective body to propose, debate, vote, and enact government policy/law

tariffs

usually imposed to raise revenue or to protect a country's business/industry from overseas competition

tariffs

sometimes becomes and indirect tax placed on the buyer because additional cost is folded into the price of the good/material

theocracy

government based on religious beliefs and rules; notoriously intolerant of dissent

religious tolerance

acceptance of other's religious beliefs and practices

indentured servitude

labor system where young person is bound by a contract to work for a person for a set period of time in expense of travels

Thomas hooker

Puritan minister that dissected puritan leadership regarding theocracy and political power

boycott

a country's collective non importation of another's goods/materials

banking

collecting pooling of money to provide a source of funding for individuals, business, and government

Salam witch trials

period of extreme fear and panic that set off a series of public trials for witchcraft against hundreds of accused women/girls

mercentilism

a country's wealth was built on favorable balance of trade

Depression

an economic slowdown

exports

goods/material shipped to another country

early challenges of Jamestown

lacked skilled laborers and farmers; poor planning and organization; lack of clean, fresh water; mixed relations with powhatan

embargo

a country's collective non importation of another's goods, and non exportation of its own goods

Anne Hutchinson

Woman persecuted in Massachusetts Bay colony for presching in her home; attracted a large following that threatened the male power structure

William Penn

promoted fair dealings with American Indians regarding land; attracted many immigrants seeking religious freedom, cheap farmland and voting rights

Rhode Island

founded on principles of religious toleration and fair treatment in land deals with Native Americans

Governor

May be elected bt the people or appointed by the king/government

Connecticut

Chose to move west to establish colony with expanded voting for all male property holders

Pennsylvania

Religious toleration, expanded voting rights, and availability of cheap, fertile, farmland attracted diverse population

imports

goods and material that are brought into a country

manufacturing

an economy primarily based on the business of importing raw materials

New England colonies

Thin, rocky soil; fishing industry, limited manufacturing but had shipping industry because of timber

Middle Colonies

Mkld climate; agrarian, large forests and waterways encouraged commerce

mercentilism

goal was enrichment of the mother country; export over import; raw material —> manufacturing