Foundational Documents To Know for AP AP Gov (copy)

A Brilliant Solution

A book by Carol Berkin that details the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the debates surrounding it.

Federalist 10

An essay by James Madison advocating for a large republic to manage factions and protect minority rights.

Brutus I

An Anti-Federalist essay warning against the dangers of a strong federal government and advocating for a Bill of Rights.

Declaration of Independence

A document asserting individuals' inalienable rights to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, justifying revolution against oppressive governments.

Articles of Confederation

The first governing document of the United States, creating a weak central government and highlighting the need for a stronger federal system.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee individual liberties and limit government powers.

Federalist 51

An essay by James Madison arguing for separation of powers and checks and balances in government.

Federalist 70

An essay by Alexander Hamilton defending the need for a single, strong executive for effective governance.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

The Supreme Court case that established judicial review, allowing the Court to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A Supreme Court case affirming federal supremacy and recognizing implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Schenck v. US (1919)

A Supreme Court case that limited free speech during wartime, establishing the clear and present danger test.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

The landmark case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

A Supreme Court decision that guaranteed the right to free legal counsel for defendants in state courts.

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

A Supreme Court case protecting student free speech in public schools as long as it does not cause disruption.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

A Supreme Court case that expanded corporate and union rights to spend money on political campaigns under the First Amendment.

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

A Supreme Court case that incorporated the Second Amendment's right to bear arms to apply at the state level.