Foundational Documents To Know for AP AP Gov (copy)

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16 Terms

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A Brilliant Solution

A book by Carol Berkin that details the creation of the U.S. Constitution and the debates surrounding it.

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Federalist 10

An essay by James Madison advocating for a large republic to manage factions and protect minority rights.

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Brutus I

An Anti-Federalist essay warning against the dangers of a strong federal government and advocating for a Bill of Rights.

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Declaration of Independence

A document asserting individuals' inalienable rights to Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, justifying revolution against oppressive governments.

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Articles of Confederation

The first governing document of the United States, creating a weak central government and highlighting the need for a stronger federal system.

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Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee individual liberties and limit government powers.

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Federalist 51

An essay by James Madison arguing for separation of powers and checks and balances in government.

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Federalist 70

An essay by Alexander Hamilton defending the need for a single, strong executive for effective governance.

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Marbury v. Madison (1803)

The Supreme Court case that established judicial review, allowing the Court to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution.

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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A Supreme Court case affirming federal supremacy and recognizing implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause.

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Schenck v. US (1919)

A Supreme Court case that limited free speech during wartime, establishing the clear and present danger test.

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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

The landmark case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

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Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

A Supreme Court decision that guaranteed the right to free legal counsel for defendants in state courts.

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Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

A Supreme Court case protecting student free speech in public schools as long as it does not cause disruption.

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Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

A Supreme Court case that expanded corporate and union rights to spend money on political campaigns under the First Amendment.

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McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

A Supreme Court case that incorporated the Second Amendment's right to bear arms to apply at the state level.