Biology Final Vocab

adhension

the clinging of one substance to anothers

Biotechnology

the manipulation of living organisms or their components to make useful products

Cohesion

tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick to each other

DNA profiling

procedure that analyzes DNA samples to determine if they come from the same individual

differentiation

specialization in the structure and function of cells that occurs during the developments of an organism

Fluid Mosiac Model

model made out of small pieces (currently accepted model of cell membrane structure)

Gene cloning

The production of multiple copies of a gene

Gene expression

Process which genetic information flows from genes to proteins

Gene regulation

the turning on & off of genes

Genomics

study of complex sets of genes & their instructions

Homeotic genes

master control gene that determines the identity of a body structure of an organism

homologous chromosomes

2 chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell

Isotope

same number of protons, different numbers of neutrons

Karyotype

A display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of the cells

Mutation

a change in the genes information of the cell

nucleosome

bead like unit of DNA packing in Eukaryotic cell

Passive Transport

diffusion of molecule across membrane using no energy

Osmosis

diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

a technique used to obtain many copies of DNA to do tests on it

Proteomics

study of whole sets of proteins & their reactions

Recombinant DNA

DNA that has been manipulated (in a lab) to carry genetic information from 2 different sources (usually different species)

replication

when genetic information is copied

Repressors

a protein that blocks the transcription of a gene or operon

restriction enzymes

A bacterial enzyme that cuts up specific DNA

selectively permeable

A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them

Transcription

synthesis of RNA on DNA template

Transgenic

An organism that contains genes from another species

Translation

Synthesis of polypetite using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule