CALCIUM

CALCIUM

Fifth most common element in the human body

• Skeletal mineralization

• Blood coagulation

• Neural transmission

• Cofactor

• Muscle maintenace

CALCIUM FUNCTIONS

hydroxyapatite

In the bone → Ca is stored in the form of

Entry of calcium to neurons

causes the vesicles to fuse w/ the plasma membrane

ionized Calcium

Physicians prefer to request for the __

levels, since it is the marker/active form, which

means they easily perform their functions

ACIDEMIA

increased H+ ions, less room for Ca+ to bind w/

albumin (thus, more Ca+ are unbound ionized free)

ALKALEMIA

decreased H+ ions, more room for Ca+ to bind w/

albumin (decreased amt of unbound/ionized/free Ca+)

• PTH

• VITAMIN D

• CALCITONIN

3 hormones which regulate calcium secretion:

Fibroblast growth factor 23

suppresses vitamin D synthesis in the PCT

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid

Calcium in GIT will be reabsorbed by

Calbindin

Once inside the intestinal cell, it will be processed to _ which carries calcium to PMCAlb

Plasma Membrane Calcium-ATPase

Endorse the calcium into the circulation from the intestinal cells where it should be

PCT

reabsorbs 60-70% of filtered calcium (paracellular)

Thick ascending limb

reabsorbs 25% of filtered calcium (paracellular)

DCT

reabsorbs 10% of filtered calcium (transcellular)

PTH

If __ is present in the kidneys, it will enhance TRPV to absorb more Calcium 

1-alpha-hydroxylase

PTH also activates the enzyme ___  needed to produce Calcitriol from Calcidiol