chem last minute

Atomic Radius

The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electrons.

First Ionization Energy (1st IE)

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from a neutral atom in the gas phase, forming a positively charged cation.

Electronegativity

A measure of how strongly shared electrons in a chemical bond are attracted to an atom.

Ionic Radius

The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electrons after the atom has gained or lost electrons to form its most common ion.

aufbau principle

in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons first fill subshells of the lowest available energy, then fill subshells of higher energy.

hund's rule

When orbitals of identical energy (degenerate orbitals) are available, the ground state electron configuration has the maximum number of unpaired electrons with parallel spins

pauli's exclusion principle

two electrons cannot exist in the same location, and thus electrons in the same orbital must have opposing spins