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Ancient paintings locations
Chauvet, Lascaux, and Altamira.
Willendorf Venus
A prehistoric statuette discovered in Austria.
Megalith
A large stone used for construction, such as in Stonehenge.
Cromlech
A category of megalithic structures that includes Stonehenge.
Sin
The god of the moon and resident god at Ur.
Babylonian army
Credited with capturing Jerusalem and deporting Hebrews.
Narmer
Ancient Egyptian leader credited with unifying Upper and Lower Egypt around 3000 B.C.E.
Amarna style
The new style of art developed during the rule of Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten.
Pi
A jade disc featuring a dragon and phoenix.
Thera's common features
Elaborately decorated homes, clay pipes for sewage, and straw-reinforced walls.
Bull symbolism in Crete
Associated with male virility and strength.
Pasiphae
The legendary Minoan queen who gave birth to the Minotaur.
Penelope
Wife of Odysseus.
Acropolis
Translated as 'top of the city'; the religious center of an ancient Greek city-state.
Agora
The public meeting place and marketplace in an ancient Greek city-state.
Entasis
The architectural feature where columns swell and contract.
Demes
Small local areas in the Athenian political system, comparable to precincts.
Metope
Illustrations depicting battles on the sides of the Parthenon.
Marcus Junius Brutus
One of the assassins of Gaius Julius Caesar.
Imagines
Wax death masks used in portrait busts for naturalism.
Augustus of Primaporta
Sculpture featuring Cupid riding a dolphin.
Ovid's banishment
Augustus viewed his writings unfavorably, leading to Ovid's banishment from Rome.
Georgics
Literary pieces celebrating Augustus's gift of farmlands to veterans.
Colosseum architectural orders
Tuscan, Ionic, and Corinthian, used on different levels.
Pantheon oculus
A circular opening at the top, conceived as the 'Eye of Jupiter'.
Patricians
Land-owning aristocrats in ancient Rome, serving various official roles.
Plebeians
The poorer class in ancient Rome, including craftspeople and laborers.
Wergild
Anglo-Saxon law concept of 'life-price' of an individual.
Beowulf
An epic poem about a Scandinavian warrior fighting monsters.
Augustine's contributions
Built a cathedral at Canterbury and a St. Paul church in London.
Eadfrith
Designed the Lindisfarne Gospels.
Roland's horn
Made from the ivory of an elephant's tusk.
Refectory
The dining hall where monks ate.
Barrel vault
An elongated arched masonry structure shaped like a half cylinder.
Voussoir
Wedge-shaped stones forming the arch in Romanesque churches.
Chartres Cathedral significance
Center of the cult of the Virgin in the 12th and 13th centuries.
Mary's tunic
Cherished relic at the Chartres Cathedral.
Stained-glass programs purpose
To tell biblical stories in Gothic cathedrals.
Tree of Jesse window
Depicts Virgin Mary descended from Jesse, fulfilling prophecy.
Flying buttress
Built against exterior walls of Gothic churches for support.
Saint Theodore in contrapposto
Figure found on the jamb of Chartres' south transept portal.
Trivium
Consists of Grammar, Rhetoric, and Dialectic.
Bologna's university
First city to found a university focusing on law.
Latin in education
Mandatory language for all courses in the first four years.
Robert de Sorbon
Organized theology students in Paris.
Peter Abelard
Logician and author teaching by the dialectical method.
Trotula
Recognized author of 'On the Diseases of Women'.
Thomas Aquinas
Wrote 'Summa Theologiae' and was a spokesman for Scholasticism.
Sainte-Chapelle
Gothic church featuring high glass-to-stone ratio.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Credited with painting 'Allegory of Good Government' fresco.
