Humanities Winter Exam

Ancient paintings locations

Chauvet, Lascaux, and Altamira.

Willendorf Venus

A prehistoric statuette discovered in Austria.

Megalith

A large stone used for construction, such as in Stonehenge.

Cromlech

A category of megalithic structures that includes Stonehenge.

Sin

The god of the moon and resident god at Ur.

Babylonian army

Credited with capturing Jerusalem and deporting Hebrews.

Narmer

Ancient Egyptian leader credited with unifying Upper and Lower Egypt around 3000 B.C.E.

Amarna style

The new style of art developed during the rule of Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten.

Pi

A jade disc featuring a dragon and phoenix.

Thera's common features

Elaborately decorated homes, clay pipes for sewage, and straw-reinforced walls.

Bull symbolism in Crete

Associated with male virility and strength.

Pasiphae

The legendary Minoan queen who gave birth to the Minotaur.

Penelope

Wife of Odysseus.

Acropolis

Translated as 'top of the city'; the religious center of an ancient Greek city-state.

Agora

The public meeting place and marketplace in an ancient Greek city-state.

Entasis

The architectural feature where columns swell and contract.

Demes

Small local areas in the Athenian political system, comparable to precincts.

Metope

Illustrations depicting battles on the sides of the Parthenon.

Marcus Junius Brutus

One of the assassins of Gaius Julius Caesar.

Imagines

Wax death masks used in portrait busts for naturalism.

Augustus of Primaporta

Sculpture featuring Cupid riding a dolphin.

Ovid's banishment

Augustus viewed his writings unfavorably, leading to Ovid's banishment from Rome.

Georgics

Literary pieces celebrating Augustus's gift of farmlands to veterans.

Colosseum architectural orders

Tuscan, Ionic, and Corinthian, used on different levels.

Pantheon oculus

A circular opening at the top, conceived as the 'Eye of Jupiter'.

Patricians

Land-owning aristocrats in ancient Rome, serving various official roles.

Plebeians

The poorer class in ancient Rome, including craftspeople and laborers.

Wergild

Anglo-Saxon law concept of 'life-price' of an individual.

Beowulf

An epic poem about a Scandinavian warrior fighting monsters.

Augustine's contributions

Built a cathedral at Canterbury and a St. Paul church in London.

Eadfrith

Designed the Lindisfarne Gospels.

Roland's horn

Made from the ivory of an elephant's tusk.

Refectory

The dining hall where monks ate.

Barrel vault

An elongated arched masonry structure shaped like a half cylinder.

Voussoir

Wedge-shaped stones forming the arch in Romanesque churches.

Chartres Cathedral significance

Center of the cult of the Virgin in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Mary's tunic

Cherished relic at the Chartres Cathedral.

Stained-glass programs purpose

To tell biblical stories in Gothic cathedrals.

Tree of Jesse window

Depicts Virgin Mary descended from Jesse, fulfilling prophecy.

Flying buttress

Built against exterior walls of Gothic churches for support.

Saint Theodore in contrapposto

Figure found on the jamb of Chartres' south transept portal.

Trivium

Consists of Grammar, Rhetoric, and Dialectic.

Bologna's university

First city to found a university focusing on law.

Latin in education

Mandatory language for all courses in the first four years.

Robert de Sorbon

Organized theology students in Paris.

Peter Abelard

Logician and author teaching by the dialectical method.

Trotula

Recognized author of 'On the Diseases of Women'.

Thomas Aquinas

Wrote 'Summa Theologiae' and was a spokesman for Scholasticism.

Sainte-Chapelle

Gothic church featuring high glass-to-stone ratio.

Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Credited with painting 'Allegory of Good Government' fresco.