EXAM Ch 7 Cengage: The 4th Amendment Cengage Review

What does the Fourth Amendment forbid?

unreasonable searches and seizures

What does the Fourth Amendment require search or arrest warrants to be based on?

probable cause

Who is governed by the Fourth Amendment?

employees of any governmental agency

In regard to the Fourth Amendment, what was the significance of the case of United States v. Jacobsen (1984)?

It held that it is not a violation of the Fourth Amendment for an employee of a private company to open and inspect the contents of a package.

Of the following, who would not be subject to the Fourth Amendment?

department store security guard

Which term refers to police officers' reasonable belief that evidence, contraband, or other items are in a particular location?

probable cause

Which factor, found in U.S. v. Di Re (1948), may contribute to the finding of probable cause?

association with other known criminals

What is a requirement of all search and arrest warrants?

All warrants must be based on probable cause.

What metaphor can be used to understand the relationship between an officer's actions and the constitutionality of those actions?

a continuum of contacts

When an officer's actions become increasingly intrusive to a citizen, what is required in order for the contact to be considered constitutional?

more justification

What is the purpose of a stop?

to investigate suspicious activity

Which of the following actions accurately describe a frisk?

a limited pat-down

What is the definition of a stop?

a brief detention of a person

What is the purpose of a frisk?

to search for weapons

Which of the following activities must be based on specific and articulable facts for the purpose of investigating suspicious activity?

a stop

What is necessary for a Terry stop to be allowed?

articulable and reasonable suspicion

Which of the following actions are allowed during a Terry stop?

a pat-down for weapons, if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous

When an officer has articulable and reasonable suspicion that a crime is occurring, has occurred, or is about to occur, what kind of stop can the officer conduct?

a Terry stop

Which of the following accurately describes the origin of the exclusionary rule?

The rule was established by the Supreme Court.

Which case set the precedent for the exclusionary rule?

Weeks v. United States

What happens to evidence that violates the exclusionary rule?

It is inadmissible in court.

What is the primary purpose behind the exclusionary rule?

to deter government misconduct

The exclusionary rule applies to evidence that is:

obtained in violation of a person's constitutional rights.

The inevitable discovery doctrine is an exception to which rule?

the exclusionary rule

Which of the following is an exception to the exclusionary rule?

good faith