Science test prep- biology

This is the prep for a year 7 perth modern school student science biology term 2 test.

Living

an organism that utilises life processes

non-living

something that has never utilised life processes

dead

an organism that once utilised life processes, but no more

state mrs c gren

movement, respiration, senses, cells, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

What does the ‘m’ in mrs c gren stand for?

movement- The organism needs to be able to move in some way to be classed as living.

What does the ‘r’ in mrs c gren stand for?

respiration- The organism needs to be able to get energy from a food source that can be used for cells.

What does the ‘s’ in Mrs c gren stand for?

senses- Living organisms need to be able to understand their environment in some way, so they can protect themselves from threats or find food.

What does the ‘c’ in Mrs c gren stand for?

cells- To be classed as living, organisms need to have cells. These are the smallest functioning part of the body. Some organisms are single celled, in that they are only made up of one cell. They are classed as single-cellular. Many organisms are multi celled. They are classed as multi-cellular.

What does the ‘g’ in Mrs c gren stand for?

A living organism is also one that can grow. Growth is an irreversible change in mass. Growth is possible because the energy gained from respiration lets cells produce more cells.

What does the second ‘r’ in Mrs c gren stand for?

reproduction- the formation of new organisms. ‘Parents’ create ‘offspring’. Some organisms can do this by themselves, whilst other organisms need a mate of the opposite sex to provide genetic material.

What does the ‘e’ in Mrs c gren stand for?

excretion- the process of waste products. Living organisms must be able to get rid of waste products that are no longer needed by the body. If waste products stay inside an organism, it will become toxic and poison the organism.

What does the ‘n’ in Mrs c gren stand for?

nutrition- In order to grow, survive and reproduce, living organisms need to take in nutrients from food.

Define classification

Classification is the process of putting things into groups that are similar in some way. We do thus so it is easier to study the objects and easier to talk about them with other scientists.

What are scientists that classify living things called?

Taxonomists

What is the science of naming and grouping things called?

Taxonomy

What are dichotomous keys?

The simplest key is a dichotomous key- it relies on a series of choices which then leads to the identification of an object. You are given two choices to decide from each time. They work best when the choices ae easy to see, and do not change over time.

how do you make a strong key

Some features are better to use than others. Features of an organism can change over time- size, colour and shape. Features that always stay the same makes keys stronger.

What are the levels of classification?

All living things have been grouped into different levels based on characteristics they have. Each group has a very large number of organisms (living things) inside of it, and they share important characteristics.

How many levels of classification are there?

There are 7, the order goes-

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

A good mnemonic for remembering the levels of classification are:

Keep Placing Cake Orders For Good Students

What is binomial nomenclature?

The scientific process for naming organisms is Binomial nomenclature.

How are they named using Binomial nomenclature?

There is a 2-part naming system for scientific names. The first part is the Genus. The second part is their species.

How should the name be typed or written?

The first letter of the Genus should be uppercase. The species should be written in lowercase. The name is written in Italics if typed and underlined if written by hand.

The human classification is:

animal, chordate, mammal, primate, Hominidae, homo, Sapien

What are Kingdoms?

They are separated into 5 groups, based on similar characteristics shared in each group.

The 5 kingdoms are- Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protista, Monera/Eubacteria.

What are heterotrophs:

Get their energy by feeding on other living things

What are Autotrophs?

make their own energy by photosynthesis

What are decomposers?

They break down dead organisms

What are Animals?

They are heterotrophs, multicellular, live in terrestrial or aquatic environments and most reproduce sexually.

What are plants?

They are autotrophs, multicellular and reproduce asexually and sexually. Most are terrestrial.

What are Fungi?

Heterotrophs, most are multicellular, they are decomposer and reproduce sexually and sexually.

What are Protistae?

Most are single celled, some are heterotrophs, some are autotrophs, some both. They live in aquatic/moist environments. They reproduce sexually and asexually.

What are Monera/ Eubacteria?

Very simple single celled organisms, either heterotrophs or autotroph. All produce asexually. An example is bacteria. Found nearly everywhere.

Focusing on Animals how many Phyla (Phylum) are there?

9