England and Wales Justice System

What is the main role of the police?

To protect the public

Name 2 ways police prevent or determine crime

By providing education and patrolling the community

What can police do if they suspect someone has committed a time?

Stop and search them

How long can police detain someone without charge?

24 hours

What must police do if they have enough evidence to charge someone?

Present evidence to Crown Prosecution and attend court

What are the three main roles of judges?

Being in charge of trials, keeping order in the court, and upholding the law

What law do judges apply in cases?

Statutory law (made by Parliament) and case law (common law)

What do judges advise juries on in criminal trials?

Points of law to make sure the trial is fair

Who decides the punishment in Crown Court trials?

Judges (after the jury finds someone guilty)

What does it mean when a judge sets a precedent?

Their interpretation of the law is then followed in future trials

Who are magistrates?

Volunteers from the local community who hear cases in Magistrates’ Courts

Are magistrates lawyers?

No, but they recieve training and legal advice

What minor cases can magistrates hear?

Cases like criminal damage or some civil/family cases

How long can magistrates sentence someone to prison?

Up to 6 months for 1 offence, up to 12 months for 2 or more offences

What serious cases can magistrates transfer to Crown Court?

Serious criminal cases beyond their powers.

What is the main role of legal representitives?

To be experts in the law and help make the system fair

Who do solicitors usually prepare cases for?

Clients, sometimes appearing in court themselves

Who represents clients in higher courts?

Barristers

Who prosecutes someone accused of a crime?

Legal representitives working for the crown

How many jurors are required for a Crown Court trial?

12

What standard must jurors use when deciding a verdict?

Beyond reasonable doubt

What do tribunals deal with?

Disputes about employment, immigration, or criminal injuries

What must jurors do during a trial?

Listen to evidence, not communicate outside, and reach a verdict

Who are special constables?

Volunteers who assist the police and have the same powers when trained

What is one practical benefit of involving citizens in the justice system?

Cost efficiency and bringing experience from all walks of life

Name 6 courts

Crown Court, Family Court, Civil Court, Magistrates’ Court, Tribunals, High Court, Criminal Court

How many types of Tribunals are there?

130

What is a Tribunal

A court, but more informal