General Science Reviewer: Physics in Daily Life

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the basic principles of physics, safety applications, simple machines, and motion types as discussed in the lecture notes.

Physics

The branch of science that studies matter, energy, motion, force, and their interactions.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass, such as water, air, or rocks.

Energy

The ability to do work or cause change, used in everyday activities like charging phones or cooking food.

Motion

The change in the position of an object over time.

Force

A push or pull acting on an object, such as opening a door or kicking a ball.

Interaction

The process that occurs when matter, energy, motion, and force affect one another, such as gravity pulling objects downward.

Gravity

The force that pulls objects toward Earth.

Friction

A force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.

Heat

The transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a colder object.

Light

A form of energy that allows us to see objects.

Sound

Energy produced by vibrating objects.

Electricity

The flow of electric charges.

Magnetism

The force produced by magnets that attracts or repels certain materials.

Momentum

The quantity of motion possessed by an object; it is greater when an object is heavier and moves faster.

Impulse

The change in momentum caused by force; increasing the impact time decreases the total force experienced.

Helmet

A safety device that protects the head from impact.

Airbag

A safety device that reduces the force during a collision.

Simple Machines

Basic devices that help people perform work more easily and with less effort.

Lever

A rigid bar used to lift or move objects, such as a hammer or seesaw.

Wheel and Axle

A simple machine consisting of a wheel attached to a smaller axle to make movement easier.

Pulley

A simple machine that changes the direction of an applied force.

Inclined Plane

A sloping surface used to raise or lower objects with less effort.

Screw

An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.

Wedge

A simple machine used for cutting, splitting, or separating objects.

Translational Motion

The movement of an object from one place to another where every part of the object moves the same distance and direction.

Linear Displacement

The shortest straight-line distance between the starting point and ending point, measured in meters ($m$).

Linear Velocity

The rate of change of displacement with respect to time, measured in meters per second ($m/s$).

Linear Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity with respect to time, measured in meters per second squared ($m/s^2$).

Rotational Motion

The movement of an object around an axis, such as an electric fan or clock hands.

Angular Displacement

The amount of rotation of an object, measured in degrees ($^\circ$) or radians ($rad$).

Angular Velocity

The rate at which an object rotates, measured in units such as degrees per second ($^\circ/s$), radians per second ($rad/s$), or revolutions per minute ($rpm$).

Angular Acceleration

The rate of change of angular velocity.