Intro to Counselling

To assist the individuals in making intelligent choices and adjustments to his/her environment and society.

Counseling

counseling have their origins in the values and beliefs of a person who in turn, have converted these into a philosophy and a theoretical model for counseling.

Theoretical Models

Philosophical Foundation

Materialism, Determinist, Rationalism, Empiricism, Positivism, Existentialism

Part of counseling because there are patients/clients who see themselves as worthless and invaluable. All of these things makes us material beings.

Materialism

Asserted that all human choices were determined by the laws of nature.

Determinist

Emphasized the reasons of innate knowledge, and deductions guide knowledge.

Rationalism

Underscored the experience was the source of the knowledge.

Empiricism

Concentrated on natural phenomena or facts that were objectively observable - solutions.

Positivism

Uniqueness of the human being and highlighted this as the only reality - clients are usually clouded by the problems and do not know what to do.

Existentialism

Helping him/her utilize his/her potentials to the fullest and plan his/her future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests, and needs. It includes function such as counseling subject particularly subjects given the licensure exams, and other human development services. 

Republic Act 9258, Article 1 Sec 3

Republic Act 10029, Article III (b): Practice of Psychology 

Counseling and Psychologist, Psychotherapy,

guidance counselor. They help to utilize and assisting. 

Counseling

the practice of psychology consists of the delivery of psychological services that involve application of psychological principles and procedures for the purpose of describing, understanding.

Psychologist

is a collaborative treatment based in the relationship between individual and psychologist.

Psychotherapy

Six stages of counseling

Relationship building stage, Assessment and diagnosis stage, Formulation of counseling goals stage, intervention and problem, termination and follow up stage, research and evaluation.

based on insight, unconscious motivation, and reconstruction of personality. 

Psychodynamic approaches

is based largely on insight, unconscious motivation, and reconstruction of personality 

Psychoanalytic Therapy

differs from psychoanalytic theory in many aspects but it can broadly be considered an analytic perspective.

Adlerian Therapy

orriented approaches

Experiential and Relationship

stress the concern for what it means to be fully human.

Existentialism approach

which is rooted in humanistic philosophy, places emphasis on the basic attitudes of the therapist.

Person - centered approach

offers a range of experiments to help clients gain awareness of what they are experiencing in here and now. 

Gestalt Therapy

therapist/psychological counseling that are urgent that needs action-oriented. It is usually have props and equipments to help utilize the therapy. 

Action-oriented therapy

focuses on clients current behavior and stresses developing clear plans for new behavior.

Reality Therapy

puts a premium on doing and  taking steps to make concrete changes.

Behavior Therapy

highlight be necessity of learning how to challenge dysfunctional beliefs and automatic thoughts that lead to behavioral problems. 

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Therapy

stresses the importance of understanding individuals in the context of surroundings. 

System Perspective

challenges the basic assumptions of most of the traditional approaches by assuming there is no single truth and reality is socially constructed through human interaction. 

Postmodern Approaches