Lecture 5: Cell Imjury: Cellular Accumulations

Understand the main mechanisms which result in intracellular and extracellular accumulations.

Be able to recognize lipidosis from gross and histologic images. Know the causes of hepatic lipidosis. How can hepatic lipidosis be distinguished from other causes of hepatomegaly (hepatocellular enlargement)?

Be able to recognize glycogen accumulation from gross and histologic images. Know the causes of glycogen storage. How can glycogen be distinguished from other causes of hepatomegaly (hepatocellular enlargement)? What special stains help us distinguish glycogen from hydropic degeneration?

Be able to distinguish between intracellular protein and other inclusions.

What is amyloidosis? Where does amyloid deposit in tissue? Know the mechanisms of amyloidosis. Know the main types of amyloid osis.

How can you recognize amyloid grossly? What special stains can be applied grossly and histologically to distinguish amyloid from other accumulations?

What is gout? Know the two presentations of gout. Be able to distinguish gout grossly from other deposits. What are the most common causes of gout?

What is the difference between dystrophic mineralization and mestastatic mineralization? What is the mechanism behind each type of mineralization and be able to give an example.

Be able to identify melanosis and list some causes of melanosis.

Understand the difference between ceroid and lipofuscin. What causes the accumulation of each pigment?

Be able to recognize carotenoid and carbon pigment grossly. Know why they occur.

Understand how tetracycline causes pigmentation and what sites pigmentation is commonly seen in.

Know the appearance of each of the following pigments (hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemosiderin, hematoiden, bilirubin, porphyria), why they are formed, what function they have, and common sites of accumulation (if applicable).