U.S. History: Immigration, Progressivism, and Foreign Policy

What was the pull for immigrants

(economic opportunity)

Why don't people like the Irish?

Religion

Define Nativism

Protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

Who were the nativists in conflict with? Why?

East asians, specifically Chinese

yellow peril-

justified racism

White man's burden

White people's responsibility to educate and spread knowledge

Chinese Exclusion Act

In 1882, the United States banned immigration from China, and Chinese could not become citizens.

What was the Open Door policy?

Every country has an equal chance to trade with China

Homestead act

Homestead act 1862, Governed offered 160 acres of land to anyone who agreed to live on and cultivate the land, encouraging people to move west and settle/populate the area. There was no quota for food.

Effect of the Industrial Revolution on society

Separation of classes

What was the role of railroads

Linked rural west with urban areas in the Midwest and east coat. Shipped goods from the East and the Midwest to the rest of the country, Lowered the cost of transporting goods, Helped with heavy industries such as iron and steel production

What were tenements, and what were their conditions?`

crowded buildings in the city, terrible conditions

Who was blamed for disease?

immigrants

What is union busting

People were sent to stop the unions from striking by beating them up

Sherman Antitrust Act

allowed the government to break up businesses that were too big

The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

strengthened the Sherman act

What were Muckrakers

Focused on exposing corruption in politics, local governments, and big business. Published books exposing social issues

The Jungle-

food production focusing on imagery of machinery, dirtiness, and disease

What was the 19th Amendment

Women won the right to vote

First woman's movement was in

Seneca, New York

What was the temperance movement and prohibition

Eliminated alcohol from society to reduce crime, poverty, and domestic abuse

What was the dark side of progressivism?

There was racism within the movement. It often only focused on white concerns. Eugenics was encouraged by progressives. Wanted to improve the genetic quality of the human species.

Where was American Imperialism

Hawaii, Cuba, Philippines, East Asia, Panama, Latin America

Why did the US get involved in the Spanish American war?

Saw Spain's mistreatment of Cuba and their "explosion" of the USS Maine, they declared war

What did the US want to achieve/gain from the Spanish-American War?

Took Hawaii for their sugar and pineapple trade and naval base Wanted to expand territories

What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?

The US did NOT annex Cuba, took Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

The US would not interfere in European wars and expected Europe to stay out of the West.

What did the Roosevelt Collary say?

Latin America is under the supervision of the US, and they have the right to step in if needed

Argued that when a Latin American country engaged in "chronic wrongdoing or impotence," the United States might intervene as the "policeman" in the hemisphere

What did the open-door policy say?

Stated that all countries should have equal access to trade with China

What was the Big Stick policy, and what did it say

The foreign policy approach associated with Theodore Roosevelt, involved negotiating peace while maintaining a powerful military to act as a threat. Negotiate peacefully, but also have military backup.

What was the significance of the dollar diplomacy?

It was in the interest of economic Americanism

What was moral diplomacy?

a policy that bases support for other nations on shared moral values, promoting democracy, human rights, and self-determination

What triggered the US declaration of war?

USS Maine

What was yellow journalism?

Sensationalist, exaggerated, and misleading style of news to drum up support against Spain

What methods were used during the Philippine-American War?

Guerilla warfare

What was the outcome of the Philippine-American War?

KATipunan, Emilio Alguinado formed to fight the US control over the Philippines.

PANAMA CANAL:

Panamanians were angry cause they thought their sovereignty was being taken from them by a French representative for Panama. France wanted the US to build a canal, and they were angry about that

What caused the entry into WWI

Zimmerman telegram, Germany trying to get mexico n their side to fight against the United States with them, and the sinking of the Lusitania,

What was the CPI?

The committee of publicinformation. Branch of propaganda

What were war bonds?

Government debt securities are sold to citizens to raise money for military expens.es

Liberty bonds-

these bonds offered interest, could be bought in small denominations. Meatless Mondays and wheatless Wednesdays were more voluntary and got people tobe more patriotic.

What was the IWW?

Wobblies. They opposed the war. Believed in "one big union." Sought to organize workers and abolish capitalism. They were anti-war and labor activists. Arrested because of the Espionage Act and the Sedition Act

What was the Espionage Act?

made it a crime to say anything against the war or to interfere with the war effort

The Sedation Act

targeted people who criticized the government's threats of deportation

What was the American attitude towards Germans?

They got rid of composers, books, and German language classes. Renamed foods like sour kraut to liberty cabbage

How did the war help/hurt African Americans and women during the war?

Both contributed to the war. Women were able to use it to back upi womens rigths in the future.

Why was the russian revolution significant?

Led to the rise of the communist party, a threat to capitalism, and proved that a labor-fed movement could overtake the government, Led to the rise of the Red Summer

What was the Red Scare?

America was afraid communism was going to take over America, so they arrested people out of suspicion.

What was the goal of wilsons 14 points

idealistic blueprint for lasting world peace after World War I,

What was popular in the 1920s?

Jazz, Speakeasies(undergrown alcohol), flappers

Post-war meant more

city jobs and technological innovation

What was the significance of the Harlem Renaissance

Tied into new negro movement following the Great Migration out of the South after WW1

What was the impact of the invention of the car?

Allowed for expansion, created new jobs. Ford: mass production. Assembly line. Paid 5 dollars an hour

What did a factory-focused economy create?

Mass production of goods, OVERproduction of goods. Manufacturing industries skyrocketed, leading to a surplus.

What was margin trading?

People put down money and borrowed the rest to buy stock, but people bought more than they could afford.

What was black tuesday?

America's biggest companies lost 25% of their value in one day, Banks needed money back, so they called people to pay back their loans. When thy werent able to pay back, people tried to withdraw money from the bank, but the bank didn't have anything.

What was the unemployment rate at the heightof the depression?

Down 24.9 percent, round to 25%

What was Hoovesville?

Homeless encampments

What was the government's response to the crash?

President Herbert Hoover relied on laissez-faire economics. French for letting things take their own course. Limited government intervention

What caused the Dust Bowl?

Overfarming, wind, drought- answer on test: all of the above

What was the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act?

Raises tariffs to protect American farmers and businesses. Failed and triggered retaliatory tariffs worldwide

What were the 3Rs of the New Deal under FDR

Relief: cope with the depression, Recovery- help end the depression, Reform- prevent future depressions

What were Keynesian economics?

increase spending and lower taxes to boost demand, create jobs, and stimulate growth.

AAA?

Agricultural Adjustment Act, a New Deal program that paid farmers to reduce crop production to raise farm prices

WPA?

Works Progress Administration, an agency that employed millions during the great depression to build public infrastructure.

TVA?

The Tennessee Valley Authority was established to modernize the river valley through flood control, cheap electricity, and navigation improvement

What was the Glass-Steagall Act?

Enacted to restore faith in the banking system by separating traditional commercial banking from riskier investment banking

What was the National Recovery Administration?

Aimed to combat GD by boosting industry, expanding employment, and improving labor conditions through "codes of fair competiton"

What inspired the KKK?

Birth of a Nation

What is social darwinism

Survival of the fittest. Lesser races will die out because they are genetically insufficient.

A businessman saw someone struggle, what would they do?

Nothing

What was gunboat diplomacy?

foreign policy that is supported by the use or threat of military force.

What caused the Tulsas massacre

The elevatorr and the boy got hit with rocks and drowned

What did the government think Black army veterans would do?

They were scared they would attack

Bonus Army?

Veterans of WWI went on strike to get what they earned for serving in the army and helping the US. INstead the US attacked them and drew them out.t

What was the 18th Amendment?

banned the manufacturing and selling of alcohol in the US until 1933

What were victorian values?

Kids were to be seen, not heard, no mingling until marriage, and a chauffeur was needed on a date. ** answer on the test is all of the above

What was used to create skyscrapers?

Steel and glass

What were political machines?

They gave jobs to immigrants and represented communities.

What was Americanization?

Programs for people of differing ethnicities to be psychologically and emotionally loyal to the US. The government gave recruits an English test before they were allowed to join the army.