Gero Nursing Nutrition and Hydration

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22 Terms

1
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Aging changes impacting nutrition

Dental changes, decreased chemical secretions, atrophy of tissues, slower signaling, structural changes.

2
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Why do older adults have reduced caloric need?

More adipose tissue, less lean body mass, slower metabolism, and lower activity

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What decade is caloric reduction recommended?

4th decade of life (30s)

4
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Harris-Benedict equation

used to calculate caloric needs based on age, height, weight, and gender

5
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Recommended % of caloric intake for older adults, and things to INCREASE in intake

<30% of calories from fat; protein: 10-20% of calories

Increase fiber, calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, fruits, and vegetables

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Nutritional Supplements are meant for...

compensating for inadequate intake or drug effects. common deficiencies are niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, vitamins B6, C, D.

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Nutritional Supplement Risks

Excessive use can cause calcium deposits, blood clots, arrhythmias, or mask deficiencies

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Herbal supplement risks

cardiac effects, GI upset, edema, insomnia, chemical imbalances

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Herb-drug interactions could be

increased mineral loss, potentiating drug effects, increased bleeding risk, hypoglycemia, sedation

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Special Needs/Risks of Older Women

Heart disease - reduced fat intake helps lower risk.

• Breast cancer - high alcohol intake increases risk.

• Osteoporosis - nearly all women affected by 70 due to estrogen loss, inactivity, obesity, smoking, and excess caffeine/alcohol

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Do older adults have more or less body fluid.

LESS - Due to intracellular fluid loss

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Minimum fluid intake

Males 16 glasses/day; Females 11 glasses/day

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Risk factors for inadequate fluid intake

Reduced thirst, incontinence fears, inaccessibility, immobility, altered cognition, nausea, GI issues

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Risks of fluid restriction

infection, constipation, electrolyte imbalance, poor skin, confusion

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Periodontal disease

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone. signs include: bleeding gums, pus, bad breath, loosening teeth

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Lemon-glycerin swabs and alcohol based mouthwashes should be...

Avoided ! Use brushes instead.

17
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Indigestion/Food intolerance means

Lower motility, less gastric secretions. Interventions: avoid fried foods, sit upright,fluids

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Anorexia of aging

Lack or loss of appetite. May be caused by illness, inactivity, or medications. Weight loss >5% in 1 month or 10% in 6 monthsrequires evaluation

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Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing; can be transfer (mouth → esophagus), transport (down esophagus), or delivery(esophagus → stomach). Risk increases with age; referral to speech therapy important.

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Constipation

Common due to slower peristalsis, inactivity, meds, low fiber/fluids. Prevent with fluids, diet,activity

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Malnutrition

Caused by decreased taste/smell, mastication, motility, absorption, hunger contractions, or drug effects.

Signs include: weight loss, low albumin (<3.5), low hemoglobin (<12), low hematocrit (<35%), delayed wound healing, hair loss, pallor, fatigue, delirium, depression.

22
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Assessment & Nursing Interventions for Nutrition

- Assess physical, mental, and socioeconomic factors.- Consider cultural, ethnic, and religious food practices.- Interventions: Meals on Wheels, congregate dining, SNAP, food prep help, feeding assistance, nutrition counseling